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Anti-Colonial Movements and the Birth of Nationalism | India - Home Rule Movement (1916–1918) | 10th Social Science : History : Chapter 7 : Anti-Colonial Movements and the Birth of Nationalism

Chapter: 10th Social Science : History : Chapter 7 : Anti-Colonial Movements and the Birth of Nationalism

Home Rule Movement (1916–1918)

The Indian national movement was revived and also radicalised during the Home Rule Movement (1916-1918), led by Lokamanya Tilak and Annie Besant.

Home Rule Movement (1916–1918)

The Indian national movement was revived and also radicalised during the Home Rule Movement (1916-1918), led by Lokamanya Tilak and Annie Besant. World War I and Indian’s participation in it was the background for the Home Rule League. When Britain declared war against Germany in 1914, the moderate and liberal leadership extended their support to the British cause. It was hoped that, in return, the British government would give self-government after the war. Indian troops were sent to several theatres of World War. But the British administration remained non-committal to such goals. What was seen as a British betrayal to the Indian cause of self-government led to a fresh call for a mass movement to pressurise the British government.

 

(a) Objectives of the Home Rule Movement

• To attain self-government within the British Empire by using constitutional means.

• To obtain the status of dominion, a political position accorded later to Australia, Canada, South Africa, and New Zealand.

• To use non-violent constitutional methods to achieve their goals.

 

(b) Lucknow Pact (1916)

The Home Rule Movement and the subsequent reunion of moderate and the militant nationalists opened the possibility of fresh talks with the Muslims. Under the Lucknow Pact (1916), the Congress and the Muslim League agreed that there should be self-government in India as soon as possible. In return, the Congress leadership accepted the concept of separate electorate for Muslims.


 

(b) British Response

As the demand for Swaraj was raised by Tilak and Annie Besant that gained popularity, the British used the same old ploy to isolate the leaders by repressing their activities.

In 1919 the British government announced the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms which promised gradual progress of India towards self-government. This caused deep disappointment to Indian nationalists. In a further blow the government enacted what was called the Rowlatt Act which provided for arbitrary arrest and strict punishment.

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10th Social Science : History : Chapter 7 : Anti-Colonial Movements and the Birth of Nationalism : Home Rule Movement (1916–1918) | Anti-Colonial Movements and the Birth of Nationalism | India


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