ETIOLOGY OF INFERTILITY
Successful
conception requires a specific series of complex events:
ovulation
of a competent oocyte, (2) production of competent sperm, (3) juxtaposition of
sperm and oocyte in a patent repro-ductive tract and subsequent fertilization,
(4) generation of a viable embryo, (5) transport of the embryo into the uterine
cavity, and (6) successful implantation of the embryo into the endometrium (Fig.
38.2).
Any
defect in one or more of the essential steps in reproduc-tion can result in
diminished fertility or infertility.
Furthermore, some degree of male
infertility is implicated in up to 40% of couples. Conditions that affect
fertility are divided into four main categories:
·
Female factors (65%)
·
Male factors (20%)
·
Unexplained or other conditions
(15%)
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