SPRINGS
A natural
outflow of ground water at the earth surface is said to form a spring a
pervious layer sandwiched between two impervious layers gives rise to a natural
spring. The springs are generally capable of supplying very small quantities
(amounts) of water and therefore generally not regarded as sources of water
supply.
FORMATION AND TYPES OF SPRINGS
Springs
are usually formed under 3 general conditions of geological formations They are
i.
Gravity
springs
ii.
Surface
springs
iii.
Artesian
springs.
YIELD AND SPECIFIC YIELD
The volume of ground water extracted
by gravity drainage from the saturated water bearing material is known as YIELD
and when it is expressed as the ratio of the volume of water that can be
drained by the gravity to the gross volume of the soil then it is known as
SPECIFIC YIELDA Therefore
SPECIFIC YIELD
= volume of water obtained by gravity
/ drainage gross volume of the soil.
Values of specific yield are dependent
on soil' particle size, shape and distribution of pores and degree of
compaction of the soil.
SPECFIC RETENTION OR FIELD CAPACITY
The quantity
of water retained by the materials against the pull of gravity is termed as
specific retention or field capacity. This is also expressed as the percentage
of total volume of materials drained.
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