Points to Remember, Glossary, Concept Map

Points to Remember

• The solar system, the stars and the galaxies are the constituents of the universe.

• A rocket is a vehicle, which propels itself by ejecting a part of its mass.

• The PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) and GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) rockets are India’s popular rockets.

• A propellant is a chemical substance that can undergo combustion to produce pressurized gases whose energy is utilized to move a rocket against the gravitational force of attraction.

• The propellants may be in the form of a solid or liquid.

• In cryogenic propellant the fuel or oxidizer or both are liquefied gases and they are stored at a very low temperature.

• Our country launched Chandrayaan-1 (Satellite to the Moon) on 22nd October 2008 to study about the Moon. The word Chandrayaan means ‘Moon vehicle’.

• Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. It is the second smallest planet in the solar system.

• After the successful launch of Chandrayaan-1, ISRO planned an unmanned mission to Mars (Mars Orbiter Mission) and launched a space probe (Space vehicle) on 5th November 2013 to orbit ‘Mars’.

• Mars Orbiter Mission is India’s first interplanetary mission.

• NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) is the most popular space agency whose headquarters is located at Washington, USA.

• Apollo Missions are the most popular missions of NASA. These missions made American Astronauts to land on the Moon.

• Apollo-8 was the first manned mission to go to the Moon.

• Apollo-11 was the first ‘Man Landing Mission’ to the moon.

GLOSSARY

1. Cryogenic Study of very low temperature.

2. Galaxy System of millions of stars.

3. Geological Study of earth’s physical structure and substance.

4. Mineralogy Scientific study of minerals.

5. Payload Satellites kept in the launching rockets.

6. Propellant Fuel or explosive substance.

7. Space probe Vehicle sent into space to study the planets.

8. Universe All existing matter and space.

Concept Map

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Big Bang - By Simon Singh.

2. What are the stars? - By G. Srinivas.

3. An introduction to Astronomy - By Baidyanath Basu.

 INTERNET RESOURCES

1. https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/ chandrayaan-1

2. https://www.isro.gov.in/chandrayaan2-home-0

3. https://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c25-mars-orbiter-mission

4. https://www.nasa. gov/audience/ forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/ what-was-apollo-program-58.html