ITERATORS:
An
iterator is an object that points to an element in a container. We can use
iterators to move through the contents of containers. Iterators are handled
just like pointers.
Iterators
are classified into five categories depending on the functionality they
implement:
Input
Output
Forward
Bidirectional
Random
Access
Input and output:
Input and
Output iterators are the most limited types of iterators: they can perform
sequential single-pass input or output operations.
Forward:
Forward
iterators have all the functionality of input iterators and if they are not
constant iterators also the functionality of output iterators, although they
are limited to one direction in which to iterate through a range (forward). All
standard containers support at least forward iterator types.
Bidirectional:
Bidirectional
iterators are like forward iterators but can also be iterated through
backwards.
Random Access:
Random-access
iterators implement all the functionality of bidirectional iterators, and also
have the ability to access ranges non-sequentially: distant elements can be
accessed directly by applying an offset value to an iterator without iterating
through all the elements in between. These iterators have a similar
functionality to standard pointers (pointers are iterators of this category).
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