66. Give the seven tools of quality?
i. Pareto Diagram
ii. Process Flow Diagram
iii. Cause-and- Effect Diagram iv. Check Sheets
v. Histogram
vi. Control Charts
vii. Scatter Diagrams
67. Define Statistics?
Statistics is defined as the science that deals with the collection, tabulation,analysis, interpretation, and presentation of quantitative data.
68. What is a measure of central tendency?
A measure of central tendency of a distribution is a numerical value that describes the central position of the data or how the data tend to build up in the center.
69. What is Measures of dispersion?
Measures of dispersion describe how the data are spread out or scattered on
each side of the central value. The measures of dispersion used are range and standard deviation.
70. What is a normal curve?
The normal curve is a symmetrical, unimodal, bell-shaped distribution withthe mean, median and mode having the same value.
71. What is the use of the control chart?
The control chart is used to keep a continuing record of a particular quality characteristic. It is a picture of process over time.
72. Give the objectives of the attribute charts?
i. Determine the average quality level.
ii. Bring to the attention of management any changes in the average. iii. Improve the product quality.
iv. Evaluate the quality performance of operating and management personnel. v. Determine acceptance criteria of a product before shipment to the customer.
73. Define Six Sigma Problem Solving Method?
Define - improvement opportunity with an emphasis on increasing customer satisfaction.
Measure - determine process capability (Cp/ Cpk) & dpmo
Analyze - identify the vital few process input variables that affect key product output variables (“Finding the knobs”).
Improve - Make changes to process settings, redesign processes, etc. to reduce the number of defects of key output variables.
Control - Implement process control plans, install real- time process monitoring tools,standardize processes to maintain levels.
74. What are the new seven management tools?
i. Affinity Diagram
ii. Interrelationship Digraph iii. Tree Diagram
iv. Matrix Diagram
v. Prioritization Matrices
vi. Process Decision Program Chart vii. Activity Network diagram
75. Define Benchmarking?
Benchmarking
is a systematic method by which organizations can measure themselves against
the best industry practices. The essence of benchmarking is the process of
borrowing ideas and adapting them to gain competitive advantage. It is a tool
for continuous improvement.
76. Enumerate the steps to
benchmark?
a) Decide
what to benchmark
b) Understand
current performance c) Plan
d) Study
others
e) Learn
from the data f) Use the findings
77. What are the types of
benchmarking?
i. Internal
ii. Competitive
iii. Process
78. What is a QFD?
Quality
Function Deployment is a planning tool used to fulfill
customer
expectations. It is a disciplined approach to product design, engineering, and
production and provides in- depth evaluation of a product.
79. What are the benefits of QFD?
i. Customer
driven
ii. Reduces
implementation time iii. Promotes teamwork
iv. Provides
documentation
80. What are the steps required
to construct an affinity diagram?
i. Phrase
the objective
ii. Record
all responses iii. Group the responses
iv. Organize
groups in an affinity diagram
81. What are the parts of house
of quality?
i. Customer
requirements
ii. Prioritized
customer requirements iii. Technical descriptors
iv. Prioritized
technical descriptors
v. Relationship
between requirements and descriptors vi. Interrelationship between technical
descriptors
82. How will you build a house of
quality?
a) List
customer requirements
b) List
technical descriptors
c) Develop a
relationship matrix between WHATs and HOWs\
d) Develop
an interrelationship matrix between HOWs
e)
Competitive assessments
f)
Develop prioritized customer requirements
g)
Develop prioritized technical descriptors
83. Define FMEA?
Failure
Mode Effect Analysis is an analytical technique that combines the technology
and experience of people in identifying foreseeable failure modes of a product
or process and planning for its elimination.
84. What are the stages of FMEA?
1.Specifying
possibilities
a. Functions
b.
Possible failure modes
c. Root
causes
d.
Effects
e
Detection/Prevention
2.Quantifying
risk
a. Probability
of cause
b. Severity
of effect
c.
Effectiveness of control to prevent cause
d. Risk
priority number
3.
Correcting high risk causes
a. Prioritizing
work
b.Detailed
action
c. Assigning
action responsibility
d. Check
points on completion
4.
Revaluation of risk
85. What are the goals of TPM?
The overall goals of Total Productive Maintenance,
which is an extension of TQM are
i. Maintaining
and improving equipment capacity
ii. Maintaining
equipment for life
iii.Using
support from all areas of the operation
iv.Encouraging
input from all employees
v.Using
teams for continuous improvement
86.
Give the
seven basic steps to get an organization started toward TPM? a)
Management learns the new philosophy
b) Management
promotes the new philosophy
c)
Training is funded and developed for everyone in the organization
d) Areas
of needed improvement are identified
e)
Performance goals are formulated
f) An
implementation plan is developed
g)
Autonomous work groups are established
87.
What are
the major loss areas?
i. Planned
downtime
ii. Unplanned
downtime
iii. Idling
and minor stoppages
iv.
Slow-downs
v.Process
nonconformities
vi.Scrap
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