PROGRAMMING OF 8085 PROCESSOR
1. What is an instruction?
An instruction is a binary pattern entered through an input device to
command the microprocessor to perform that specific function.
2. How many operations are there in the instruction
set of 8085 microprocessor?
There are
74 operations in the 8085 microprocessor
3. List out the five categories of the 8085
instructions. Give e.g. of the instructions for each group?
ü Data
transfer group – MOV,MVI,LXI
ü Arithmetic
group – ADD,SUB,INR.
ü Logical
group- ANA,XRA,CMP.
ü Branch
group – JMP,JNZ,CALL.
ü Stack I/O
and machine control group – PUSH,POP,IN,HLT.
4. Explain the difference between a JMP instruction
and CALL instru ction .
A JMP
instruction permanently changes the program counter. A CALL instruction leaves
information on the stack so that the original program execution sequence can be
resumed.
5. Explain the purpose of the I/O instructions IN and
OUT
ü The IN
instruction is used to move data from an I/O port in to the accumulator.
ü The OUT
instruction is used to move data from the accumulator to an I/O port.
ü The IN
and OUT instructions are used only on microprocessor, which u s e a separate
address space for interfacing.
6. What is the difference between the shift and rotate
instructions?
A rotate
instruction is a closed loop instruction .that is the data moved out at one end
is put back in at the other end. The shift instruction loses the data that is
moved out of the last bit locations.
7. List the four instructions which control the
interrupt structure of the 8085 microprocessor?
ü DI(disable
interrupts)
ü EI(enable
interrupts)
ü RIM(read
interrupt masks)
ü SIM(set
interrupt masks)
8. Mention the categories of instruction and give two
ex for each category?
The
instructions of 8085 can be categorized in to the following five
1. Data
transfer MOV RD,RS,STA 16-BIT
2. Arithmetic
ADD R,DCR M.
3. Logical
XRI 8- bit,RAR
4. Branching
JNZ CALL 16-bit
5. Machine
control HLT,NOP
9. Explain LDA, STA AND DAA instructions
LDA copies the data byte in to the accumulator from the memory location
specified by the 16-bit address. STA copies the data byte from the accumulator
in the memory location specified by 16-bit address. DAA changes the content of
the accumulator from binary to 4-bit BCD digits
10. Explain the different instruction formats with
ex?
The instruction set is grouped in to the following formats One byte
instruction MOV C,A Two byte instruction MVI A,39H Three byte instruction JMP
2345H
11. What is the use of addressing modes, mention
the different types?
The v a r
i o u s formats of specifying the operands are called as addressing modes, it
is used to access the operands or data. The different types are as follows
1. Immediate
addressing
2. Register
addressing
3. Direct
addressing
4. Indirect
addressing
5. Implicit
addressing
12.
Define
stack and stack related instructions?
The stack is a group of memory locations in the R/W memory that is used
for the temporary storage of binary information during the execution of the
program. The stack related instructions are PUSH and POP
13. Why do we use XRA A instruction?
The XRA A instruction is used to clear the contents of the accumulator
and store the value 00H
14. Compare CALL and PUSH instructions
CALL
When CALL
is executed the microprocessor automatically stores the 16-bit address of the
instruction next to CALL on the stack
When CALL
is executed the stack pointer is decremented by two
PUSH
The
program uses the instruction PUSH to save the contents of the register pair on
the stack
When PUSH
is executed the stack pointer register is decremented by two
15. How does the microprocessor differentiate b/w
data and instruction?
When the
first m/c code of an instruction is fetched and decoded in the instruction
register, the microprocessor recognizes
the number of by t e s required to fetch the entire instruction. For ex MVI
A,data, the second byte is always considered as data. If the data byte is
omitted by mistake whatever is in that memory location will be considered as
data and the byte after the “data “will be treated as the next instruction.
16. Compare RET and POP
RET
RET
transfers the content of the top two locations of the stack to the PC
When RET
is executed the SP is incremented by two. And it has 8 conditional RETURN
instructions
POP
Pop
transfers the content of the top two locations of the stack to the specified
register pair
When POP
is executed the SP is incremented by two and no conditional POP instructions
17. What are subroutine?
Procedures are group of instructions stored as a separate program in
memory and it is called from the main program in memory and it is called from
the main program whenever required. The type of procedure depends on where the
procedures are stored in memory. If it is in the same code segment as that of
the main program then it is a near procedure otherwise it is a far procedure.
18. What is a recursive procedures?
A recursive procedure is a procedure, which calls itself. Recursive
procedures are used to work with complex data structures called trees. If the
procedure is called with N=3, then the N i s decremented by 1 after each
procedure CALL and the procedure is called until N=0.
19.
How to
access subroutine with in the main program procedure?
ü accessed
by CALL & RET instruction
ü machine
code of instruction is put only once in the memory iii)with procedures less
memory is required
ü parameters
can be passed in registers, memory location or stack
20.
Define
stack?
Stack is
a sequence of RAM memory locations defined by the programmer.
21. How the microprocessor is synchronized with
peripherals?
The timing and control unit synchronizes all the microprocessor
operations with clock and generates control signals necessary for communication
between the microprocessor and peripherals.
22. What is the minimum s/m and how it is formed in
8085?
A minimum
s/m is one which is formed using minimum number of IC chips. The 8085 based
minimum s/m is formed using 8155, 8355 & 8755.
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