Chapter: Pathology: Gallbladder and Biliary Tract Pathology

Gallstones (Cholelithiasis)

Gallstones are frequently asymptomatic but can cause biliary colic (right upper quadrant pain due to impacted stones).

GALLSTONES (CHOLELITHIASIS)

Gallstones are frequently asymptomatic but can cause biliary colic (right upper quadrant pain due to impacted stones). Diagnosis is by U/S; the majority of stones are not radiopaque. Complications include cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis (calculi within the biliary tract), biliary tract obstruction, pancreatitis, and cholangitis.

Cholesterol stones are composed mostly of cholesterol monohydrate. The incidence increases with age. Risk factors include female gender, obesity, pregnancy, oral con-traceptives, and hormone replacement therapy. Native American Pima and Navajo Indians have an increased incidence of cholesterol gallstones.

Pigmented bilirubinate stones are composed of calcium salts and unconjugated bilirubin. Risk factors are chronic hemolytic anemias, cirrhosis, bacterial infection, and parasites (Ascaris or Clonorchis [Opisthorchis] sinensis).

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Pathology: Gallbladder and Biliary Tract Pathology : Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) |