Evaluation
I. Choose
the correct answer:
1. Which is the oldest
structural temple in south India?
a.
Shore Temple
b.
Mandagapattu
c.
Kailasanatha Temple
d.
Vaikuntha Perumal Temple
[Answer : (a) Shore
Temple]
2. In which year were
the Mamallapuram monuments and temples notified as a UNESCO world Heritage
site?
a.
1964
b.
1994
c.
1974
d.
1984
[Answer: (d) 1984]
3. What was the special
feature of the architecture of early Chola period?
a.
bas-reliefs
b.
vimanas
c.
corridors
d.
gopurams
[Answer: (b)
vimanas]
4. Where is the
Azhakiya Nambi Temple situated?
a.
Tirukkurungudi
b.
Madurai
c.
Tirunelveli
d.
Srivilliputhur
[Answer : (a)
Tirukkurungudi]
5. Who built the
Vaikuntha Perumal Temple?
a.
Mahendravarman
b.
Narasimhavarman
c.
Rajasimha
d.
Rajaraja II
[Answer : ()
Nandivarman II]
II. Fill
in the Blanks:
1. Mandagapattu temple was the first rock-cut
cave temple built by the Pallava king Mahendravarman.
2.
The early Chola architecture followed the style of Sembian Mahadevi.
3.
The most celebrated mandapam in Madurai Meenakshiamman temple is the Pudumandapam.
4.
Later Chola period was known for beautiful gopurams.
5. Vijayanagar period’s unique feature
is the mandapam.
III Match the following:
1.
Seven Pagodas – Madurai
2.
Rathi mandapam – Darasuram
3.
Iravatheswara temple – Tirukkurungudi
4.
Adinatha Temple – Shore temple
5.
Pudumandapam – Azhwar Tirunagari
Answer:
1. Seven Pagodas -
Shore temple
2. Rathi mandapam -
Tirukkurungudi
3. Iravatheswara
temple - Darasuram
4. Adinatha
Temple - Azhwar Tirunagari
5. Pudumandapam -
Madurai
IV. Find
out the wrong pair/pairs:
1.
Krishnapuram Temple – Tirunelveli
2.
Kudalazhagar Temple – Azhwar Tirunagari
3.
Sethupathis – Feudatories of Madurai Nayaks
4.
Jalagandeshwara temple – Vellore
[Answer : (2)
Kudalazhagar Temple - Azhwar Tirunagari]
2.
Assertion (A): The predominance of
corridors of Rameswaram Temple is striking.
Reason (R):
The Temple has the largest set of corridors in the world.
a.
R is not the correct explanation of A
b.
R is the correct explanation of A
c.
A is correct but R is wrong
d.
Both A and R are wrong
[Answer : (b) R is
the correct explanation of A]
3. Find
out the odd one out:
Srivilliputhur,
Azhaharkoil, Srirangam, Kanchipuram, Tiruvannamalai.
[Answer:
Kanchipuram]
4. Name
the epoch of the following:
a.
A.D. 600 to 850 – The Pallava Epoch
b.
A.D. 850 to 1100 – Early Chola Epoch
c.
A.D. 1100 to 1350 – Later Chola Epoch
d.
A.D. 1350 to 1600 – Vijayanagara / Nayak Epoch
5. Find
out the correct statement/s:
1.
The Arjuna’s Penance is carved out of a granite boulder.
2.
Meenakshi Amman temple in Madurai represents Pallava’s architectural style.
3.
The cave temple at Pillayarpatti is a contribution of Later Pandyas.
4.
The Sethupathis as feudatories of Madurai Nayaks contributed to Madurai
Meenakshiamman Temple.
[Answer : (1) The
Arjuna’s Penance is carved out of a granite boulder,
(3) The cave temple at Pillayarpatti is a
contribution of Later Pandyas]
V. State
true or false:
1.
Rajasimha built the Kanchi Kailasanatha temple. [Answer : True]
2.
Early Pandyas were the contemporaries of Later Cholas. [Answer : False]
3.
Rock-cut and structural temples are significant parts of the Pandya
architecture [Answer :
True]
4.
Brihadeeshwara temple was built by Rajendra Chola. [Answer : True]
5.
Vijayanagar and Nayak paintings are seen at temple at Dadapuram. [Answer : False]
VI. Give
short answers:
1. Write a note on
Pancha Pandava Rathas.
Answer: (i) The Tamil Dravida tradition is exemplified by rock-cut
monuments such as Pancha Pandava Rathas,
namely Draupadi ratha, Dharmaraja ratha, Bheema ratha, Arjuna ratha and Nagula-
Sahadeva ratha
(ii) The outer walls of the rathas, especially of Arjuna, Bhima and
Dharmaraja, decorated with niches and motifs.
(iii) The niches have the sculptures of gods, goddesses, monarchs
and scenes from mythology.
2. Throw light on the
paintings of Sittanavasal.
Answer: (i) Caves at Sittanavasal, have outstanding early Pandya paintings.
(ii) Sittanavasal was a residential cave of the Jain monks. They
painted the walls with fresco painting.
(iii) The lotus pond is notable for its excellent execution of
colours and exposition of the scene.
(iv) The image of lotus flowers, leaves spread all over the pond,
animals, elephants, buffalos, swans and a man who placks the flowers look
brilliant.
3. Point out the
special features of Thanjavur Big temple.
Answer: (i) At the time the Big Temple of Thanjavur was constructed, it was
a huge temple complex.
(ii) The 216 feet vimana
(structure over the garbhagriha) is
notable as it is one among the tallest man-made shikaras of the world.
(iii) Due to its massive height, the shikara is called the Dakshina Meru.
(iv) The huge bull statue (Nandi measures about 16 feet long and 13
feet height and is carved out of a single rock.
4. Highlight the
striking features of Rameswaram Temple
Answer:
(i) In the temple of Rameswaram, the predominance of corridors is
striking.
(ii) This temple has the longest set of corridors in the world. The
temple has three sets of corridors.
(iii) The outer set of the temples corridors has a height of almost 7
metres and stretches for about 120 metres in both the eastern and western
directions.
(iv) The outer corridor is also remarkable for the number of pillars
that support it, which is over 1200 in number.
(v) Moreover, many of these pillars are decorated by ornate
carvings.
VII. Answer the
following in detail
1. The Pallava epoch witnessed a
transition from rock-cut to free–standing temples – Explain
Answer: Pallava
Epoch:
(i) The Pallava epoch witnessed a transition from rock-cut to
free-standing temples.
(ii) Rock-cut temples were initially built by carving a rock to the
required design and then rocks were cut to build temples.
(iii) The Pallava king Mahendravarman was a pioneer in rock-cut
architecture. Mandagapattu temple was the first rock-cut temple built by him.
(iv) The rock-cut cave structure has two pillars in the front that
hold it.
(v) This cave architecture reached its decadent phase after A.D.700
and gave way to the large structural temples probably because the structural
temples provided a wider scope to the sculptor to use his skill.
(vi) The Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram, also called the Seven
Pagodas, was built by the Pallava king Narasimhavarman II.
(vii) The structural temples were built using blocks of rock instead
of a whole block as earlier.
(viii) Mahabalipuram (Mamallapuram) is built of cut stones rather than
carved out of caves.
.2. Discuss how the
architecture of Vijayanagara and Nayak period was different from the one of
Pallavas and Later Cholas.
Answer:
Vijayanagara and Nayak Period of architecture
1. The main features of Vijayanagar and Nayak architecture are
decorated mandapas, ornamental pillars, life- size images, gopuras, prakaras,
music pillars, floral works and stone windows during the 15th to 17th
centuries.
2. Tanks are attached to the temples. Gateways to temple are
constructed from four directions with massive Gopurams.
Pallavas and Later
cholas period of architecture
1. The Pallava epoch
withnessed a transition from rock-cut to free standing temples. The Shore
temple at Mahabalipuram was built by the Pallava king Narasimhavarman II.
2. The maturity attained by later chola architecture is
reflected in the two magnificent temples of Thanjavur and Gangaikonda
Cholapuram. Dharasuram is a later Chola period temple rich in architectural
splendour, dedicated to Iravatheswara.
VIII. HOTS:
1. Dravidian
architecture is of indigenous origin - Explain.
Answer: (i) Dravidian architecture is of indigenous origin. It advanced
over time by a process of evolution. The earliest examples of the Tamil
Dravidian architectural tradition were the 7th century rock-cut
shrines at Mahabalipuram.
(ii) The absence of monuments in south India prior to the 7th
century is attributed by scholar to temples ought to have been built in wood,
which were eventually destroyed by forces of nature.
(iii) It consists primarily of Hindu temples where the main feature is
the high gopura, large temples etc.
(iv) Mentioned as one of the three styles of temple building in the
book. Vastu Shastra the majority of the structures are located in the states of
Andhra Pradesh, Telungana, Kerala, Tamil Nadu & Karnatada.
(v) The Cholas, Cheras, Pandyas, Pallavas Kakatiyas, Kadambas,
Chalukyas and the vijayanagar kings contributed to this architecture.
2. Temple art was at
its best during the Nayak Period - Elucidate.
Answer: (i) The practice of fitting the niches with sculptures continued
during the Nayak period.
(ii) There was an increased use of major sculpted figures (relief
sculpture) as found at the Alakiya Nambi temple at Tirukkurungudi (Tirunelveli
district) and the Gopalakrishna temple in the Ranganatha temple complex at
Srirangam.
(iii) The southern festival mandapam of Adinatha temple at Azhwar
Tirunagari and the porch of the Nellaiyappar temple at Tirunelveli are other
notable examples.
Activity:
Visiting temples built
during the times of Pallavas, Cholas, Pandyas and Nayak rulers and see the
differences in the structural and sculptural designs of each epoch.
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