Conclusion, Recap, Glossary

Conclusion

The British empire gradually consolidated and established an elaborate spatial structure of administration with an imperial capital, provincial capitals and district headquarters. The new rulers brought new officials, new institutions and new structure to these towns with a kacheri, cantonment, police station, jail treasury. Public garden, post office, schools, dispensary and above all a municipal committee.

Thus in course of time, administrative headquarters emerged as the most important towns and cities of the country. For example, by the beginning of 20th century, Calcutta, Bombay and Madras had become the leading administrative commercial and industrial cities of India. These cities became the central commercial area with buildings of European style. Sub urban railways, tram car and city buses gave the colonial cities a new look and status.

Recap

* The evolution of urban settlements has occurred in different ways and in different stages.

* In ancient times towns emerged around king’s palaces. During medieval times the towns functioned either fort city or port city.

* With the extension of domination British developed new towns depending on its location, purpose and resources.

* In the late 18th century Calcutta, Bombay and Madras rose as Presidency cities.

* Chennai was once a group of villages. Sir Francis Day of the East India Company was granted land in 1639 to setup factory which later came to be known as Chennai.

 *On 17th July 1996, Madras was officially renamed as Chennai.

GLOSSARY

1. Cantonment: a military station in british India இராணுவ முகாம்

2. Urbanisation: the process of making an area more urban நகரமயமாதல்

3. Municipality: a town or district that has local government நகராட்சி

4. Dyarchy: government by two independent authorities இரட்டையாட்சி

5. Rechristened: give a new name to பெயரிடப்பட்டது

6. Treasury: a place or building where treasure is stored கருவூலம்

REFERENCE BOOKS

 1. G. Venkatesan, Development of Rural Local Self Government, Rainbow Publications, Coimbatore, 1983.

2.Saroja Sundarajan, Madras Presidency in Pre-Gandhian era; a historical perspective, 1884-1915, Lalitha Publications, 1997.

3. Atlas of the Madras Presidency, Central Survey Office, Madras, 1921.

4. India, Dorling Kindersely Limited, London, 2002.

ICT CORNER

Urban changes during the British period

Through this activity you will visualize the historical atlas of the world

Step – 1 Open the Browser and type the URL given below (or) Scan the QR Code.

Step – 2 Click the play button in left side on the screen

Step – 3 Scroll down to explore the pictorial map with descriptions

Web URL: https://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/india/xpresbengal.html

*Pictures are indicatives only.

*If browser requires, allow Flash Player or Java Script to load the pag