Components of Multimedia
Multimedia has five major components like text, images, sound,
video and animation. They are explained in detail below:
Text is the basic components of multimedia and most common ways of
communicating information to other person. Even though multimedia includes
images, video, audio and graphics, Text is the basic components used in
multimedia.
Static text, the text or the words will remain static as a heading
or in a line, or in a paragraph. The words are given along with the images to
explain about the images. In static text the words will either give information
or support an image or an video.
A hypertext is a system which consists of nodes, the text and the
links between the nodes, which defines the paths the user need to follow for
the text access in non-sequential ways. The author of the working system
created this structure. The user is permitted to define their own paths in more
sophisticated hypertext systems. The user is provided with the flexibility and
choice to navigate in hypertext. In a multimedia product Text is used to convey
the information and must be placed at appropriate position in order to obtain
the well -formatted sentences and paragraphs. The readability of the text
depends on the spacing and punctuation. The message communication is more
appropriate with improved Fonts and styles.
Images acts as an vital component in multimedia. These images are
generated by the computer in two ways, as bitmap or raster images and as vector
images.
The common and comprehensive form of storing images in a computer
is raster or bitmap image. Bitmap is a simple matrix of the tiny dots called
pixel that forms a raster or bitmap image. Each pixel consists of two or more
colors. Based on how much data, in bits is used to determine the number of
colors, the color depth is determined. Eg. one bit is two colors, four bits
means sixteen colors, eight bits indicates 256 colors, and so on.
Drawing elements or objects such as lines, rectangles, circles and
so on to create an images are based on Vector images. The advantage of vector
image is relatively small amount of data is required to represent the image and
thereby only less memory is needed to store. Compression techniques are used to
reduce the file size of images that is useful for storing large number of
images and speeding transmission for networked application. various Compression
formats used for this purpose are GIF, TIFF and JPEG.
Animation is the process displaying still images so quickly so
that they give the impression of continuous movement. In animation the screen
object is a vector image in animation. Using numerical transformations the
movement of that image along its paths is calculated for their defining
coordinates. The least frame rate of at least 16 frames per second gives the
impression of smoothness and for natural looking it should be at least 25
frames per second. Animations may be in two or three dimensional. The two
dimensional animation, bring an image alive, that occur on the flat X and Y
axis of the screen. while in three dimensional animation it occurs along the
three axis X, Y and Z. Animation tools are very powerful and effective. The two
basic types of animations are Path animation and Frame animation.
Path animation involves moving an object on a screen that has a
constant background e.g. a cartoon character may move across the screen regardless
of any change in the background or the character.
In frame animations, multiple objects are allowed to travel
simultaneously and the background or the objects also changes.
Sound is a meaningful speech in any language and is the most
serious element in multimedia, providing the pleasure of music, special effects
and so on. Decibels is the measurement of volume, the pressure level of sound.
Musical Instrument Digital Identifier (MIDI) is a standard
communication tool developed for computers and electronic instruments. This
tool is flexible and easy for composing the projects in multimedia. Tools for
synthesizing the sound and software for sequencing are necessary for MIDI.
Sampled sound is a Digitized sound. A sample of sound is taken and
stored every nth fraction of a second as digital information in bits and bytes.
The quality of this recording depends on the sampling rate. sampling rate is
defined as how often the samples are taken and how many numbers are used to
represent the value of each sample (bit depth, resolution and sample size). The
finer the quality of the captured sound and the resolution is achieved while
played back, when more often the sample is taken and the more data is stored
about that sample.
Video is defined as the display of recorded event, scene etc. The
powerful way to convey information in multimedia applications are embedding of
video. The video can be categorized in two types as Analog video and Digital
video.
In Analog video, the video data’s are stored in any non-computer
media like video tape, laserdisc, film etc. It is divided further in two types
as Composite and Component Analogue Video. Composite Analog Video has all the
video components like brightness, color, and synchronization combined into one
signal. Due to the combining of the video components, the quality of the
composite video resulted in color blending, low clarity and high generational
loss. This recording format was used for customer analog video recording tape
formats such as Betamax and VHS.
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