What are the differences in applications between pipe culverts and box
culverts?
Basically, a culvert means a
covered hydraulic structure which conveys fluid. Therefore in a broad sense,
pipe culverts in a small scale represent normal pipes like precast concrete
pipes.
In terms of hydraulic
performance, circular section is the best geometrical sections among all.
Therefore, for relative small discharge, precast concrete pipes and ductile
iron pipes are normally used which are circular in shape. But for applications
of very large flow, precast concrete pipes and ductile iron pipes may not be
available in current market. In this connection, cast-in-situ construction has
to be employed. It is beyond doubt that the fabrication of formwork for
circular shape is difficult when compared with normal box culvert structures.
However, circular shape is the most hydraulic efficient structure which means
for a given discharge, the area of flow is minimum. Therefore, it helps to save
the cost of extra linings required for the choice of box culverts.
However, box culverts do possess
some advantages. For example, they can cope with large flow situation where
headroom is limited because the height of box culverts can be reduced while the
size of pipe culverts is fixed. Secondly, for some difficult site conditions,
e.g. excavation of structure in rock, for the same equivalent cross-sectional
area, the width of box culverts can be designed to be smaller than that of pipe
culverts and this enhances smaller amount of excavation and backfilling.
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