My Body

Unit 1

My Body

Learning Objectives

After learning this lesson, students will be able to

* know the benefits of hand washing

* understand self-hygiene

* acquire the habit of using toilets and avoiding open defecation

* know the precautions to protect the sense organs

* recognize the differences and similarities in people‛s appearance and abilities

* understand good touch and bad touch

* grasp the importance of physical exercises

Tick (✓) the items used for personal hygiene

I. Cleanliness

Mithra is watching TV with her parents. An advertisement in the TV shows a toilet with germs. Mithra asks her dad what they are. He explains to her about germs.

Do you know about germs?

Germs are microorganisms that affects our body. They are found in all the places. If we do not maintain cleanliness, the germs will infect us and cause many diseases to us.

1. Hand Washing

Dialogue between Shruthi and her mother. (After playing outside, Shruthi returns home)

Shruthi: Mom, I am so hungry. Give me something to eat.

Mother: Shruthi, go and wash your hands.

Shruthi: No Mom, I want to eat first. Then I wash my hands.

Mother: No, you must wash your hands.

Shruthi: Mom, is it necessary to wash hands before eating?

Mother: Yes, look at your hands. Is it clean or dirty?

Shruthi: My hands are too dirty, Mom.

Mother: Where does the dirt stick in your hands?

Shruthi: Under the nails, in the ridges…

Mother: Yes, these are the places where the germs are hiding.

Shruthi: Is it so?

Mother: Yes, it is important to wash your hands. It is a simple habit that keeps you healthy.

(Mom starts explaining the importance of simple hand washing technique)

Let us Do

Steps of Hand Washing

* Wet your hands

* Apply enough soap (coin size)

* Rub the palms

* Rub the back of each hand together

* Rub both hands holding all fingers (interlocked)

* Rub the back of the fingers

* Rub the tip of the fingers

* Rub the thumbs and the ends of the wrists

* Rinse both hands properly with enough water

Benefits of Hand Washing

* Kills or removes germs

* Lowers the risk of diseases like Diarrhoea

* Prevents eye infections

* Reduces the risk of respiratory infections

Let us draw – Germy Hand

1. Trace your hand in a white sheet using pencil.

2. Draw the pictures of small germs in the hand.

3. Colour the germs.

Let us Write

Complete the Worksheet

Name : Mahendran

Do germs make people sick? Yes No

Can you see germs? Yes No

Where are the germs found?

1. Germs are found in air and water.

2. Germs are found in our hands, nails and in the ridges.

What can I do to avoid the spread of germs?

1. We should wash our hands properly.

2. When we cough or sneeze, we should use handkerchief.

Think Zone

Preethi often bites her nails. Is it a good habit? Give reason.

Biting nails is not a good habit.

Because germs are found under the nails, in the ridges.

Do you know

Global Hand Washing Day is observed on October 15.

Think and Discuss

Arun usually eats food or snacks without washing hands properly. Is it correct? Give reason.

It is not correct. Because germs are found in dirty hands.

2. Using Toilets

In the world, nearly one billion people have no access to toilet at all and they are forced to do open defecation. Open defecation spreads diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. Groundwater is polluted by toilets and it also causes diseases. Children also get affected by intestinal worms which causes anaemia. So, it is necessary to use toilets.

Do you Know

World Toilet Day is observed on November 19.

Why is it important to have a toilet?

Having a toilet

* Prevents diseases like cholera.

* offers privacy.

* is convenient.

* is safe.

Effects of open defecation

* Water borne diseases

* Diseases caused by insect carrier

* Pollution

What should we do to wash out the intestinal worms?

We should use toilet and avoid open defecation. We should wash our hands after using the toilet. These will help us to have a healthy life.

Do you know

National De-worming Day is observed on February 10.

More to know

Sulabh international Museum of Toilets is in Delhi, India. It exhibits different toilet models from 50 countries across the world – spanning from 3000 BC till the 20th century.

3. Bathing

Discuss with group

* Why do we take bath?

* Why is it important to take bath daily?

* Why do we use soap to clean our body?

Importance of bathing

* Cleanses the body

* Removes dirt and odour

* Protects oneself from infection

* Improves blood circulation

Do you know

World Health Day is observed on April 7.

Safety measures in Bathroom

* Do not play with water or run around in the bathroom. You may get hurt.

* Do not touch the sharp objects such as blades, razors and scissors kept in the bathroom.

* Use hot water under the supervision of an adult only.

* Do not leave soap bar on the floor. Someone may slip due to it.

* Do not leave the bathroom floor wet. Dry the floor using a wiper before you leave.

* Do not touch electric switches with wet hands. You may get hurt with an electric shock.

Do you know

The fruits of Soapberry tree are Saponin-rich and used as a soap substitute.

Put a tick (✓) for correct action and cross (×) for wrong action.

Let us Answer

Read the statements given below. Identify whether it is Right (✓) or Wrong (×) and put the suitable symbol.

Let us Find

Varun is in the bathroom. He is searching the things to take bath. Help him to find the things by colouring them.

II. Protecting Sense organs

Sense organs helps us to observe and understand the world around us. There are five main ways we can do this: through sight (with our eyes), touch (with our skin), smell (with our nose), taste (with our tongue) and hearing (with our ears).

In this section we will discuss the ways by which we can take care of our sense organs.

By nature, all the sense organs have some ways to protect themselves. For example, the eyelids and lashes protect the eyes from dust and other foreign particles.

How should we take care of our sense organs ?

Think Zone

Anu plays with her baby brother. As he cries, she gives him a pencil. On seeing this, Anu‛s mom was shocked. She quickly takes the pencil back. Do you know why?

Answer: Pencil has a sharp end. It may hurt the baby's eye or ear.

a. EYES 

Do‛s

* Read with proper light.

* Watch television from a minimum distance of 6 feet.

* If you feel your eyes are itchy, wash them with clean and cold water.

Don‛ts

* Read in too dim or too bright light.

* Play video games or watch TV for long hours.

* Rub your eyes with your fist.

If you find it difficult to read the classroom board from your place, tell your teacher/parents and consult a doctor. You must follow the suggestions of the ophthalmologist or eye doctor.

Do you know

A condition known as digital eye strain is common among people working at computers all day. This condition leads to dry eyes, eye strain, blurred vision and headache.

b. EARS

* Avoid loud noise.

* Do not listen to music at higher volume when using Earphones or Headphones.

* Do not clean ears with ear buds.

* Dry your ears after taking bath.

* Cover your ears while swimming and bathing.

* Use earplugs or ear muffs (when you are exposed to loud sound).

* Consult a doctor if you have pain in ear.

Hearing loss can not be prevented always. But hearing loss due to exposure to loud noises is can be avoided.

Do you know

Noise levels are measured in decibels (dB). Any sound over 85dB can be harmful to us.

c. NOSE

* Do not clean your nose by inserting any object into it

* If the nose is blocked due to cold it is better to use steam to clear it.

* Do not pick your nose.

d. TONGUE

* We should clean our tongue daily with the tongue cleaner while brushing our teeth.

* A dirty tongue may cause disease and bad breath.

e. SKIN

* Always use a mild soap.

* Keep your skin dry and clean.

* Dry your skin by rubbing gently with a clean cloth.

* Consult a doctor when you feel any itching, skin injury or infection.

Let us Do

Read the given statements carefully. Write ‘T‛ if it is True and ‘F‛ if it is False.

1. Avoid playing video games or watching TV for a long time. (T)

2. Avoid loud noise. (T)

3. Do not clean your nose by inserting any object into it. (T)

4. A dirty tongue may cause disease and bad breath. (T)

5. Dry your skin by rubbing gently with a dirty cloth. (F)

Let us Practice

Make a figure ‘8‛ with your eyes

This is a good exercise to practice controlling the physical movement of your eyes.

• Draw a large figure of ‘8‛ on the floor, about 10 feet in front of you.

• Trace the figure ‘8‛ with your eyes, slowly, without shaking head.

• Do it clockwise for few minutes and anti-clockwise for few minutes

III. Good Touch, Bad Touch and Don‛t Touch

(In the park, Janani plays with the puppy. She runs after a butterfly to catch it)

Mother: Janani, did you notice what happens when you touch the butterfly?

Janani: Yes mom, it flew away.

Mother: Now, tell me, why do you think it flew?

Janani: I think it did not like my touch.

Mother: Maybe, it did not. But, it wanted to be safe. Now, I am going to tell you three rules to keep yourself safe.

Janani: Okay, Mom.

Mother: There are body parts that you and others can see and touch like our arms and hands.

But, there are also some body parts that no one should see or touch like our chest, between our legs and our bottom. These parts are called private parts. What are they called?

Janani: ___________________________.

Mother: So now, let me tell you rule number 1. It is never right for anyone to look at, touch or talk about your private parts. And it is never right for someone older to you to ask you to look, touch or talk about their private parts.

Janani: But mom, don‛t you give me bath daily?

Mother: Very good question! Who else knows that I give you a bath?

Janani: Dad, Grandpa, Grandma and Jagan know that you give me bath.

Mother: Correct, when we are small our mom or dad might touch us to help us to be clean. It is never a secret and it is okay to tell someone about it.

Janani: I got it mom. It is never right for anyone to _________, _________ or __________ about my private parts. But, it is never a _____________.

Mother: Very good! Some touches are good or safe, like when we shake hands. But, some touches are bad or unsafe, like when we hit someone. Can we hit someone?

Janani: _________________________.

Mother: Bad touches might make you feel sad, angry, scared, or confused. If you do not like any touch or if it makes you sad, angry or scared, tell them to STOP! Scream “STOP!” and run away. This is rule number 2.

Janani: Okay mom. If I do not like any touch, I scream __________ and ____________.

Mother: Very good! Now rule number 3. Tell an adult you trust, about the bad touch. Keep telling until you get the help you need.

Janani: I should ________________ adults I trust till I get __________.

Mother: Janani, remember, no matter who tells you. It is never your fault.

Janani: But mom, would people I know also do ‘bad touch‛?

Mother: Anyone would do. So it is important that you keep all the three rules in mind even if you know the person. Can you say the rules?

SAFE CIRCLE MEMBERS

Do you know

If someone abuses you or hurts you, you can call 1098 and get help.

Let us Discuss

1. You are playing in the park. Someone gives you eatable things / toys. What will you do?

I won't get those things.

2. If someone touches you, you feel uncomfortable. What will you do immediately? To whom you will inform this?

* I will leave that place immediately.

* I will inform to my parents or teachers.

IV. Physical or Sensory challenge

Ramu went for shopping with his father. On the way they saw a visually challenged person who tries to cross the road. Ramu‛s father went to him and asked, “May I help you sir?”, And the differently abled person replied, “Yes, I want to cross the road”.

Ramu‛s father joyfully helped him to cross the road. By seeing this, Ramu felt proud of his father, and he also wanted to help the needy. So, Ramu asked his father to teach him how to help differently abled persons.

1. Differently-abled persons

Think Zone

What do you think about this picture?

Not everybody can use all five senses. Some lack the ability to use any one or more of them, such people are called ‘Differently-abled’.

Do you know

Braille is a reading and writing method for visually challenged person. It has a raised pattern that can be read with the fingers.

2. Let us know how to help them

Helping people is very honourable, and there are plenty of ways by which we can help differently-abled people.

* Ask first if they need any help from you and follow their lead.

* Speak clearly and listen to their words well.

* Use direct words.

* Never tease them by calling with specific names.

* Be aware of their personal aids, do not cause any damage to the aids.

Your simple acts can be helpful to them.

* opening doors for the disabled.

* making way for them.

* bring them to cross the road.

* treat them as normal people.

By doing these you can exhibit that you want to help the differently-abled.

Do you know

We do not use the word ‘handicapped or disabled‛. We use ‘differently-abled'

Match

Let us Discuss

Gopi is travelling in a bus along with his parents. The bus stops in a particular stop and a differently- abled person gets into the bus. If you are Gopi, what will you do? Discuss with your friends.

V. Importance of Physical Exercise

Parents - teachers meet is going on in Sheela‛s school. As her parents are out of the town, her grandfather attends the meeting. He is a retired army person and even at the age of 90, he does all his work by himself. Everyone in the meeting wonders “What is the secret behind his good health?” and they asked him for his secret. Grandpa replied that he avoids junk food and takes healthy and fresh food.He does physical exercises like walking, running, jogging, and yoga. He advises all parents and children to do exercises regularly.

Physical Exercise

Protects us from diseases

Balances our body weight

Strengthens our muscles and bones

Improves digestion

Improves sleep quality

Increases our energy level

Improves skin health

Boosts brain functions and memory

Find and circle the words related to fitness.

(SLEEP, ENERGY, HEALTHY, RUN, JUMP, PLAY, YOGA)