Fundamentals of Computers
Theoretical concepts of Operating System
Evaluation
Answer the following questions
Part II
1. What are the advantages of memory management in Operating System?
Answer: (i) Keeping track of which portion of memory are currently being
used and who is using them.
(ii) Determining which processes (or parts of processes) and
data to move in and out of memory.
(iii) Allocation and de-allocation of memory blocks as needed by
the program in main memory. (Garbage Collection).
2. What is the multi-user Operating system?
Answer: Multi-user
Operating Systems:
(i) It is used in computers and laptops that allow same data and
applications to be accessed by multiple users at the same time.
(ii) The users can also communicate with each other. Windows,
Linux and UNIX are examples for multi-user Operating System.
3. What is a GUI?
Answer: The GUI is a window based system with a pointing device to
direct I/O, choose from menus, make selections and a keyboard to enter text.
Its vibrant colours attract the user very easily.
4. List out different distributions of Linux operating system.
Answer: Ubuntu, Mint, Fedora, RedHat, Debian, Google's Android. Chrome
OS, Chromium OS.
5. What are the security management features available in Operating System ?
Answer: The Operating System provides three levels of securities to the
user end. They are
(i) File access level
(ii) System level
(iii) Network level.
6. What is multi-processing?
Answer: This is a one of the features of Operating System. It has two or
more processors for a single running process (job). Processing takes place in
parallel is known as parallel processing.
7. What are the different Operating Systems used in computer?
Answer: The different types of operating system used in the computer:
(i) Single User and Single Task Operating Systems
(ii) Multi User Operating Systems
(iii) Multi Processing Operating Systems
(iv) Distributed Operating Systems
(v) Prominent Operating Systems
Part III
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Time-sharing features?
Time - Sharing
Operating System
Advantages
• Provides the advantage of quick response.
• Avoids duplication of software.
• Reduces CPU idle time.
Disadvantages
• Problem of reliability.
• Question of security and integrity of uses programs and data.
• Problem of data communication.
2. Explain and List out examples of mobile operating system.
Answer: A mobile operating system controls a mobile device and its
design supports wireless communication and different types of mobile
applications. It operates on smart phones Tablets and Digital Mobile devices.
(i) Google Android
(ii) Apple iOS
(iii) Blackberry
(iv) Symbian
3. What are the differences between Windows and Linux Operating system?
Windows OS
• It is a commercial licensed OS.
• Only one distributor
• It uses GUI
• It boot only from primary partition
• Secure
Linux OS
• It is a open source OS.
• Many distributors.
• It uses kernal.
• It boot either from a primary or from a logical partition.
• Insecure.
4. Explain the process manangement algorithms in Operating System.
Answer: The following algorithms are mainly used to allocate the job
(process) to the processor.
(i) FIFO
(ii) SJF
(iii) Round Robin
(iv) Based on Priority
(i) FIFO (First In
First Out) Scheduling: This algorithm is based on
queuing technique. The process that enters the queue first is executed first by
the CPU, followed by the next and so on. The processes are executed in the
order of the queue.
(ii) SJF (Shortest
Job First) Scheduling: This algorithm works based on
the size of the job being executed by the CPU.
(iii) Round Robin
Scheduling : The Round Robin (RR) scheduling
algorithm is designed especially for time sharing systems. Jobs (processes) are
assigned and processor time in a circular method.
(iv) Based On
Priority: The given job (process) is assigned based on a
Priority. The job which has higher priority is more important than other jobs.
Part IV
1. Explain the concept of a Distributed Operating System.
Answer: This feature takes care of the data and application that are
stored and processed on multiple physical locations across the world over the
digital network. The Distributed Operating System is used to access shared data
and files that reside in any machine around the world. The user can handle the
data from different locations. The users can access as if it is available on
their own computer.
The advantages of distributed Operating System are as follows:
(i) A user at one location can make use of all the resources
available at another location over the network.
(ii) Many computer resources can be added easily in the network
(iii) Improves the interaction with the customers and clients.
(iv) Reduces the load on the host computer.
2. Explain the main purpose of an operating system.
Answer:
The main purpose of
using an operating system:
(i) It controls and co-ordinates all the activities of a
computer system.
(ii) It provides an environment for a computer user to execute
programs on computer hardware in a convenient and efficient manner.
(iii) It enable the user to design the application, and also it
provides an interface to interact with the computer and controls the execution
of all kinds of programs without knowing the internals of the hardware. It
interprets the command and instructions to perform the specified tasks.
(iv) It co-ordinates and assigns the compilers, assemblers,
utility programs to the users. It detects errors present in the hardwares and
softwares. It maintains the internal time clock.
(v) It protects itself from being destroyed by any users. It
serves two major functions Supervision (Prevent errors), Management (Operation
and control of I/O devices).
(vi) It loads the programs itself into memory so that user can
interact with hardwares and softwares.
3. Explain advantages and disadvantages of open source operating systems.
Answer:
Advantages:
(i) It is generally free.
(ii) It is continually evolving in real time as developers add
to it and modify it, which means it can be better quality and more secure and
less prone to bugs.
(iii) Using open source software also means the users are not
locked into using a particular vendor's system that only work with their other
system.
(iv) The user can modify and adapt open source software for own
business requirements.
(v) More reliable and flexible.
Disadvantages:
(i) Open source software might not be as user friendly as
commercial versions because less attention is paid to developing the user
interface.
(ii) Open source software do not come with extensive support
when things go wrong - open source software tends to rely on its community of
users to respond to and fix problems.
(iii) Open source software may still be involved in collecting
indirect costs for external support.
(iv) Vulnerable to malicious users.
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