What is the difference between working stress approach and limit state approach?
For working stress approach,
service loads are used in the whole design and the strength of material is not
utilized in the full extent. In this method of design, stresses acting on
structural members are calculated based on elastic method and they are designed
not to exceed certain allowable values. In fact, the whole structure during the
lifespan may only experience loading stresses far below the ultimate state and
that is the reason why this method is called working stress approach. Under such
scenario, the most economical design can hardly be obtained by using working
stress approach which is now commonly used in the design of temporary works.
For limit state approach, for
each material and load, a partial safety factor is assigned individually
depending on the material properties and load properties. Therefore, each
element of load and material properties is accurately assessed resulting in a
more refined and accurate analysis of the structure. In this connection, the
material strength can be utilized to its maximum value during its lifespan and
loads can be assessed with reasonable probability of occurrence. Limit state
approach is commonly used for the majority of reinforced concrete design
because it ensures the utilization of material strength with the lowest
construction cost input.
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