ENGINEER‟S RESPONSIBILITY FOR SAFETY
1.
Define Risk?
A risk is the potential that something unwanted
and harmful may occur.
Risk = Probability X Consequences.
2. What are
the factors for safety and risk?
• Voluntary and Involuntary risk
• Short-term and Long-term risk
• Expected probability
• Reversible effects
• Threshold levels to risk
• Delayed or Immediate risk etc
3. What are
the drawbacks in the definition of Lawrence?
• Underestimation of risks
• Overestimation of risks
• No estimation of risks
4. Give the
categories of Risk?
• Low consequence, Low probability (which can be
ignored)
• Low consequence, High probability
• High consequence, Low probability
• High consequence, High probability
5.What
are the factors that affect Risk Acceptability?
· Voluntarism and control
· Effect of information on risk assessment
· Job related pressures
· Magnitude and proximity of the people facing
risk
6. What
is the knowledge required to assess the risk?
• Data in design
• Uncertainties in design
• Testing for safety
• Analytical testing
• Risk-benefit analysis
7. What are
the analytical methods?
• Scenario analysis
• Failure modes & effect analysis
• Fault tree analysis
• Event tree analysis etc.
8. What are
the three conditions referred as safe exit?
• Assure when a product fails it will fail
safely.
• Assure that the product can be abandoned
safely.
• Assure that the user can safely escape the
product.
9. How
will an engineer assess the safety?
• The risks connected to a project or product
must be identified.
• The purposes of the project or product must be
identified and ranked in importance.
• Costs of reducing risks must be estimated.
• The costs must be weighed against both
organizational goals and degrees of acceptability of risks to clients and the
public.
• The project or product must be tested and then
either carried outor manufactured.
10. What
are the reasons for Risk-Benefit Analysis?
1. Risk-benefit analysis is concerned with the
advisability of undertaking a project.
2. It helps in deciding which design has greater
advantages.
3. It assists the engineers to identify a
particular design scores higher with that of the another one.
11.
Are the engineers responsible to educate the
public for safe operation of the equipment? How?
Yes, as per the engineers are concerned with
they should have their duty as to protect for the safety and well being of the
general public. Analyzing the risk and safety aspects of their designs can do
this.
12.
Define Safety?
In the definition stated by William W. Lawrence
safety is defined, as a thing is safe if its risks are acceptable. A thing is
safe with respect to a given person or group, at a given time, if its risk is
fully known, if those risks would be judged acceptable, in light of settled
value principles. In the view of objective, safety is a matter of how people
would find risks acceptable or unacceptable.
13.
What is the definition of risks?
A risk is the potential that something unwanted
and harmful may occur. Risk is the possibility of suffering harm or loss. It is
also defined as the probability of a specified level of hazardous consequences,
being realized. Hence Risk (R) is the product of Probability (P) and
consequence(C) (i.e) R = P * C
14.
Define Acceptability of risks?
A risk is acceptable when those affected are
generally no longer apprehensive about it. Doubtfulness depends mainly on how
the people take the risk or how people perceive it.
15.
What are the positive uncertainties in
determining risks?
There are three positive uncertainties. They
are: a. Purpose of designing
b. Application of the product
c. Materials and the skill used for producing
the product.
16.
Define Risk-Benefit Analysis?
Risk benefit analysis is a method that helps
the engineers to analyze the risk in a project and to determine whether a
project should be implemented or not. In risk benefit analysis, the risks and
benefits of a product are allotted to money amounts, and the most benefitiable
ratio between risks and benefits is calculated.
17.
What does Strict Liability mean?
Strict liability means if the sold product is
defective; the manufacturer concerned is liable for any harm that results to
users. Negligible is not at all an issue based.
18.
What is the main barrier to educational
attempts?
An important barrier to educational attempt is
that people belief change slow and are extra ordinarily resistant to new
information.
19. What
happens to the products that are not safe?
Products that are not safe incur secondary
costs to the manufacturer beyond the primary costs that must also be taken into
account costs associated with warranty expenses, loss of customer will and even
loss of customers and so.
20. What
was the problem in the Chernobyl reactor?
The problem was that,
i. The output was maintained to satisfy an
unexpected demand.
ii. The control device was not properly
reprogrammed to maintain power at the required level.
iii. Instead of leaving fifteen control rods as
required, the operators raised almost all control rods because at the low power
level, the fuel had become poisoned.
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