Durability Of Stones
Quarrying
and cutting have a great bearing on the weathering properties of stones. Stone
from top ledges of limestone, granite, and slate and from the exposed faces of
the rock bed is likely to be less hard and durable. Highly absorbent stone
should not be quarried in freezing weather since the rock is likely to split.
The method of blasting and cutting also influences the strength of the stone
and its resistance to freezing and temperature changes. Small, uniformly
distributed charge of blasting powder has a lesser weakening effect than large
concentrations of explosives. A porous stone is less durable than a dense
stone, since the former is less resistant to freezing. Also, rocks with
tortuous pores and tubes are more apt to be injured by freezing than those of
equal porosity having straight pores and tubes. Repeated hammering in cutting
is likely to injure the stone. Polished stone is more enduring than rough
surfaced work, since the rain slides off the former more easily. Stones from
stratified rocks should be placed along the natural bed in order to secure
maximum weathering resistance. Pyrite, magnetite and iron carbonate oxidize in
weathering and cause discolouration of the stone in which they are present.
Since oxidation is accompanied by a change in volume, the surrounding structure
is weakened.
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