Home | Mineral :Calcium, iron, Iodine - Source and Functions in Human Nutrients

Chapter: 11th 12th std standard Home Science Maintain Basic Knowledge for family life Higher secondary school College

Mineral :Calcium, iron, Iodine - Source and Functions in Human Nutrients

Calcium makes up between 1.5-2% of body weight. Almost 99% of this calcium is found in the hard tissues of the body, namely the bones and teeth.

MINERALS

1. CALCIUM

 

Calcium makes up between 1.5-2% of body weight. Almost 99% of this calcium is found in the hard tissues of the body, namely the bones and teeth.

Functions

It is essential for the formation of bones and teeth.

 

It is essential for clotting of blood.

 

It regulates the permeability of capillary walls.


It is essential for the contraction of heart and muscle.

 

It regulates the excitability of nerve fibres and nerve centres.

 

 

It acts as an activator for the enzymes present in the gastric juice.

Food stuffs          Calcium (mg/100g)

Rich sources       

Milk powder, sesame seeds with       1.20-1.45

husk and small dried fish       

Good sources      

Ragi, milk   and green leafy    

vegetables and small fish eaten        

with bone             0.10-0.33


2. PHOSPHORUS

 

Phosphorus constitutes approximately 1% of the weight of the human body, Upto 90% of this is found within calcium phosphate crystals in the bones and teeth.

Functions

It is necessary for the formation of bones and teeth.

It is essential for carbohydrate metabolism.

It is a constituent of certain co-enzymes. 

It is an essential constituent of nucleic acids and nucleoproteins which are integral parts of the cell nuclei.

 

      Sources of Phosphorus

Food stuffs          Phosphorus (g/100g)

Cereals, Millets, Pulses, nuts  

and Oilseeds                  0.20 - 0.65

Dried fish             1.2 - 1.3

Milk powder                  0.76 - 0.82

Meat, fish and eggs                  0.31 - 0.41

Milk            0.09 - 0.11


3. IRON

 

Most of the iron in the body is found in the blood, but some is present in every cell bound to iron containing enzymes.

Functions 

It is required for the transport and storage of oxygen in cells & tissues. 

It acts as co-factors of enzymes and other proteins.

It is required for the formation of red blood cells.

Sources of iron

Food stuffs Iron (mg/l00g)

Rich sources                 

Sesame seeds, jaggery and               

green leafy vegetables.   10-20

Good sources                

Cereals and millets         3-8   

Liver 7-9   

Meat and egg        2-3   


IODINE

Functions

 

Iodine is a constituent of thyroxine, the active principle of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland plays an important role in energy metabolism and in the growth of the body.


Sources

 

Iodine is present only in small amounts in common foods, the quantity of iodine present depending on the iodine content of the soil. Iodised salt and seafish are good sources of iodine.

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11th 12th std standard Home Science Maintain Basic Knowledge for family life Higher secondary school College : Mineral :Calcium, iron, Iodine - Source and Functions in Human Nutrients |


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