During Preschool Age (1-6 Years): Need for developing good food habits

Need for developing good food habits

The preschool years are ones that create a number of concerns about food intake. Nearly two out of three preschool children in India are malnourished. The different household factors affecting the child's nutrition are

1.     The economic status which determines the food available and thus the energy density of food.

2.     The mother's experience and knowledge which influences the food preparation and food intake by the child.

3.     Demand on mother's time to prepare the food

4.     Poor sanitation and water supply

5.     Poor living conditions

6.     Contamination of food leading to infectious diseases

7.     Parental influence in showing dislike for a particular food.

These factors in turn affect the food intake leading to severe malnutrition and this has a profound impact on the growth and performance during later years.

In addition to these the preschoolers may show certain likes and dislikes which when not properly interpreted may lead to undernutrition. They may show interest in certain foods that may last from few months to few years. Food preferences may change from time to time. Also certain foods are liked by them only when cooked in a particular way.

Appetite is also erratic, with the result that the child may eat one meal well refusing the next. So there must be no hurrying at meal times, the atmosphere should be pleasant, peaceful and lacking distraction.

There should be regularity of meal times. The child should be taught to eat everything on his plate.

Proper evacuation of faeces shall be maintained by daily diet of fruits, vegetables and whole grains. They prefer simple unmixed dishes that are neither too cold nor too hot. Familiar foods are better liked and hence new foods should be given in small portions along with well accepted ones.

A balance should be maintained between hard and soft foods. Colourful foods add variety and stimulate interest. Finger foods such as cutlets, hard boiled eggs, small sandwiches, rolls and whole fruits are handy.

At the table, physical comfort while sitting, unbreakable bowls and cutlery with blunt edges will help the child in his/her efforts to feed himself.

Hence it is essential that good food habits are inculcated during childhood considering their food preferences.