Caloric value
of carbohydrates, proteins and fats
We obtain
50% energy from carbohydrates 35% from fats and 15% from proteins. We require
about 400 to 500 gm of carbohydrates, 60 to 70 gm of fats and 65 to 75 gm of
proteins per day. Balanced diet of each individual will vary according to their
age, gender, level of physical activity and others conditions such as pregnancy
and lactation.
Carbohydrates are sugar and starch. These are
the major source of cellular fuel which
provides energy. The caloric value of carbohydrate is 4.1 calories per gram and
its physiological fuel value is 4 Kcal per gram.
Lipids are fats and derivatives of fats,
are also the best reserved food stored in our body which is used for production of energy. Fat has a caloric
value of 9.45 Kcal and a physiological fuel value of 9 Kcal per gram.
Proteins are source of amino acids
-required for growth and repair of body cells. They are stored in the body only
to a certain extent; large quantities are excreted as nitrogenous waste. The
caloric value and physiological fuel value of one gram of protein are 5.65 Kcal
and 4 Kcal respectively. According to ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research
and WHO (World Health Organization), the daily requirement of protein for an
average Indian is 1gm per 1 kg body weight.
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