Medicine and surgery: Principles and practice of medicine and surgery

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Medicine and surgery: Principles and practice of medicine and surgery

Medicine and surgery: Principles and practice of medicine and surgery



Principles and practice of medicine and surgery


Water and sodium balance - Fluid and electrolyte balance
Assessing fluid balance - Fluid and electrolyte balance
Hypernatraemia - Fluid and electrolyte balance
Hyponatraemia - Fluid and electrolyte balance
Potassium balance - Fluid and electrolyte balance
Hyperkalaemia - Fluid and electrolyte balance
Hypokalaemia - Fluid and electrolyte balance
Intravenous fluids - Fluid and electrolyte balance
Acid-base balance - Fluid and electrolyte balance
Hypercalcaemia - Fluid and electrolyte balance
Hypocalcaemia - Fluid and electrolyte balance
The preoperative assessment - Perioperative care
Prophylactic antibiotics in surgery - Perioperative care
Nutritional support in surgical patients - Perioperative care
Postoperative complications - Perioperative care
Surgical site infection - Perioperative care
Pain control - Perioperative care
Nosocomial infections - Infections
Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) - Infections
Septicaemia and septic shock - Infections

Cardiovascular system


Cardiovascular chest pain - Clinical Symptoms
Dyspnoea - Clinical Symptoms
Palpitations - Clinical Symptoms
Syncope - Clinical Symptoms
Intermittent claudication - Clinical Symptoms
Signs of Oedema
Signs of Cyanosis
Signs of The arterial pulse
Signs of Jugular venous pressure
Signs of Precordial heaves, thrills and pulsation
Signs of Heart murmurs
Coronary angioplasty: Investigations and procedures
Coronary artery bypass surgery: Investigations and procedures
Valve surgery: Investigations and procedures
Permanent pacemakers: Investigations and procedures
Echocardiography: Investigations and procedures
Ischaemic heart disease
Chronic stable angina - Ischaemic heart disease
Acute coronary syndrome - Ischaemic heart disease
Unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) - Ischaemic heart disease
Acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) - Ischaemic heart disease
Variant/Prinzmetal’s angina - Ischaemic heart disease
Rheumatic fever
Mitral regurgitation - valve disease
Mitral valve prolase - valve disease
Mitral stenosis - valve disease
Aortic regurgitation - valve disease
Aortic stenosis - valve disease
Pulmonary stenosis - valve disease
Tricuspid regurgitation - valve disease
Cardiac arrhythmias
Sinus bradycardia - Sinus nodal arrhythmias
Sinus tachycardia - Sinus nodal arrhythmias
Sinus node disease - Sinus nodal arrhythmias
Atrial ectopic beats - Atrial arrhythmias
Atrial flutter - Atrial arrhythmias
Atrial fibrillation - Atrial arrhythmias
Junctional tachycardia - Junctional arrhythmias
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome - Junctional arrhythmias
Ventricular ectopic beats - Ventricular arrhythmias
Ventricular tachycardia - Ventricular arrhythmias
Torsades de pointes - Ventricular arrhythmias
Ventricular fibrillation - Ventricular arrhythmias
Atrioventricular block - Conduction disturbances
First degree atrioventricular block - Conduction disturbances
Second degree atrioventricular block - Mobitz type I (Wenckebach phenomenon)
Second degree atrioventricular block - Mobitz type II
Third degree atrioventricular block (complete heart block)
Left bundle branch block - Conduction disturbances
Right bundle branch block - Conduction disturbances
Heart failure - Cardiac failure
Acute pulmonary oedema - Cardiac failure
Cardiogenic shock - Cardiac failure
Chronic cor pulmonale - Cardiac failure
Acute pericarditis - Disorders of the pericardium
Constrictive pericarditis - Disorders of the pericardium
Pericardial effusion - Disorders of the pericardium
Cardiac tamponade - Disorders of the pericardium
Myocarditis - Disorders of the myocardium
Cardiomyopathies - Disorders of the myocardium
Dilated cardiomyopathy - Disorders of the myocardium
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Disorders of the myocardium
Restrictive cardiomyopathy - Disorders of the myocardium
Infective endocarditis - Disorders of the endocardium
Systemic hypertension - Hypertension and vascular diseases
Peripheral arterial disease - Hypertension and vascular diseases
Aneurysms - Hypertension and vascular diseases
Abdominal aortic aneurysm - Hypertension and vascular diseases
Thoracic aortic aneurysms and aortic dissection - Hypertension and vascular diseases
Acute peripheral arterial occlusion - Hypertension and vascular diseases
Deep vein thrombosis - Hypertension and vascular diseases
Varicose veins - Hypertension and vascular diseases
Superficial thrombophlebitis - Hypertension and vascular diseases
Chronic venous ulceration - Hypertension and vascular diseases
Introduction to congenital heart disease
Ventricular septal defects - congenital heart disease
Atrial septal defects - congenital heart disease
Coarctation of the aorta - Congenital heart disease
Fallot’s tetralogy - Congenital heart disease
Atrial myxoma - Cardiovascular oncology
Carotid body tumours - Cardiovascular oncology

Respiratory system


Cough and sputum - Clinical Symptoms
Dyspnoea - Clinical Symptoms
Wheeze and stridor - Clinical Symptoms
Respiratory chest pain - Clinical Symptoms
Clubbing - Signs
Breath sounds - Signs
Lung function testing - Respiratory procedures
Bronchoscopy - Respiratory procedures
Thoracic surgery - Respiratory procedures
Acute bronchitis - Respiratory infections
Pneumonia - Respiratory infections
Tuberculosis - Respiratory infections
Influenza - Respiratory infections
Lung abscess - Respiratory infections
Aspergillus fumigatus - Respiratory infections
Asthma - Obstructive lung disorders
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema - Respiratory infections
Sleep apnoea/Pickwickian syndrome - Respiratory infections
Pulmonary fibrosis and honeycomb lung - Restrictive lung disorders
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - usual interstitial pneumonia - Restrictive lung disorders
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis - Restrictive lung disorders
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Cystic fibrosis - Suppurative lung disorders
Bronchiectasis - Suppurative lung disorders
Sarcoidosis - Granulomatous/vasculitic lung disorders
Wegener’s granulomatosis - Granulomatous/vasculitic lung disorders
Pleural effusion
Empyema
Pneumothorax
Pleurisy
Respiratory failure
Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary hypertension
Occupational lung disease
Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis - Occupational lung disease
Silicosis - Occupational lung disease
Bronchial carcinoma - Respiratory oncology
Bronchial carcinoid tumours - Respiratory oncology
Secondary lung tumours - Respiratory oncology

Gastrointestinal system


Abdominal pain - Clinical Symptoms
Nausea and vomiting - Clinical Symptoms
Dysphagia - Clinical Symptoms
Diarrhoea - Clinical Symptoms
Rectal bleeding - Clinical Symptoms
Constipation - Clinical Symptoms
Weight loss - Clinical Symptoms
The acute abdomen introduction - GI presentations
Dyspepsia - GI presentations
Peritonitis - GI presentations
Intestinal obstruction - GI presentations
Paralytic ileus - GI presentations
Pseudo obstruction - GI presentations
Acute upper gastrointestinal bleed - GI presentations
Pruritus ani - GI presentations
Barium (contrast) studies - Investigations and procedures
Endoscopy - Investigations and procedures
Gastric surgery - Investigations and procedures
Small bowel surgery - Investigations and procedures
Large bowel surgery - Investigations and procedures
Food poisoning - Gastrointestinal infections
Bacilliary dysentery - Gastrointestinal infections
Enteric Escherichia Coli infections - Gastrointestinal infections
Pseudomembranous colitis - Gastrointestinal infections
Giardiasis - Gastrointestinal infections
Amoebiasis - Gastrointestinal infections
Enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid) - Gastrointestinal infections
Botulism - Gastrointestinal infections
Cholera - Gastrointestinal infections
Tuberculosis and the GI tract - Gastrointestinal infections
Abdominal hernias - Disorders of the abdominal wall
Gastrooesophageal reflux disease - Disorders of the oesophagus
Hiatus hernia - Disorders of the oesophagus
Pharyngeal pouch - Disorders of the oesophagus
Plummer Vinson syndrome - Disorders of the oesophagus
Achalasia - Disorders of the oesophagus
Diffuse oesophageal spasm - Disorders of the oesophagus
Mallory Weiss tear - Disorders of the oesophagus
Oesophageal perforation - Disorders of the oesophagus
Gastritis - Disorders of the stomach
Acute erosive gastritis - Disorders of the stomach
Peptic ulcer disease - Disorders of the stomach
Helicobacter pylori - Disorders of the stomach
Zollinger Ellinson syndrome - Disorders of the stomach
Acute appendicitis - Disorders of the small bowel and appendix
Meckel’s diverticulum - Disorders of the small bowel and appendix
Malabsorption syndromes - Disorders of the small bowel and appendix
Coeliac disease - Disorders of the small bowel and appendix
Whipple’s disease - Disorders of the small bowel and appendix
Tropical sprue - Disorders of the small bowel and appendix
Diverticular disease - Disorders of the large bowel and inflammatory bowel disease
Irritable bowel syndrome - Disorders of the large bowel and inflammatory bowel disease
Ulcerative colitis - Disorders of the large bowel and inflammatory bowel disease
Crohn’s disease - Disorders of the large bowel and inflammatory bowel disease
Haemorrhoids (piles) - Disorders of the rectum and anus
Rectal prolapse - Disorders of the rectum and anus
Fissure-in-ano - Disorders of the rectum and anus
Fistula-in-ano - Disorders of the rectum and anus
Pilonidal sinus - Disorders of the rectum and anus
Anorectal abscess - Disorders of the rectum and anus
Intestinal ischaemia - Vascular disease of the bowel
Focal ischaemia of the bowel - Vascular disease of the bowel
Ischaemic colitis - Vascular disease of the bowel
Chronic intestinal ischaemia - Vascular disease of the bowel
Acute intestinal failure - Vascular disease of the bowel
Oesophageal carcinoma - Gastrointestinal oncology
Benign gastric tumours - Gastrointestinal oncology
Gastric adenocarcinoma - Gastrointestinal oncology
Gastric lymphoma - Gastrointestinal oncology
Small intestine lymphoma - Gastrointestinal oncology
Carcinoid tumours of the intestine - Gastrointestinal oncology
Large bowel neoplastic polyps - Gastrointestinal oncology
Large bowel carcinoma - Gastrointestinal oncology
Anal squamous cell carcinoma - Gastrointestinal oncology
Familial adenomatous polyposis - Gastrointestinal oncology
Peutz-Jegher syndrome - Gastrointestinal oncology

Hepatic biliary and pancreatic systems


Pain from the liver, biliary and pancreatic systems - Clinical Symptoms
Jaundice - Clinical Symptoms
Signs: Hepatomegaly
Signs of chronic liver disease
Signs: Ascites
Liver function testing - Investigations and procedures
Pancreatic function tests - Investigations and procedures
Imaging of the liver, biliary system and pancreas - Investigations and procedures
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) - Investigations and procedures
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) - Investigations and procedures
Liver biopsy - Investigations and procedures
Liver resection - Investigations and procedures
Cholecystectomy - Investigations and procedures
Introduction to the liver and liver disease - Disorders of the liver
Acute hepatitis - Patterns of liver disease
Chronic hepatitis - Patterns of liver disease
Cirrhosis - Patterns of liver disease
Fulminant hepatic failure - Patterns of liver disease
Portal hypertension - Complications of chronic liver disease
Bleeding oesophageal varices - Complications of chronic liver disease
Viral hepatitis - Complications of chronic liver disease
Hepatitis A - Complications of chronic liver disease
Hepatitis B - Complications of chronic liver disease
Hepatitis C - Complications of chronic liver disease
Hepatitis D - Complications of chronic liver disease
Hepatitis E - Complications of chronic liver disease
Alcohol-induced liver disease
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Drug-induced liver disease
Autoimmune chronic hepatitis - liver disease
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) - liver disease
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) - liver disease
?1 Antitrypsin deficiency - liver disease
Hereditary haemochromatosis - liver disease
Wilson’s disease - liver disease
Pyogenic liver abscess - liver disease
Amoebic liver abscess - liver disease
Hydatid disease - liver disease
Benign tumours of the liver - Tumours of the liver
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma - Tumours of the liver
Metastatic liver tumours - Tumours of the liver
Gallstone disease (cholelithiasis) - Disorders of the gallbladder
Carcinoma of the gallbladder - Disorders of the gallbladder
Carcinoma of the bile ducts - Disorders of the gallbladder
Introduction to the pancreas Disorders
Acute pancreatitis - Disorders of the pancreas
Chronic pancreatitis - Disorders of the pancreas
Carcinoma of the pancreas - Tumours of the pancreas
Islet cell tumours - Tumours of the pancreas

Genitourinary system


Loin pain - Clinical Symptoms
Dysuria - Clinical Symptoms
Change in urinary frequency, flow and volume - Clinical Symptoms
Haematuria and discoloured urine - Clinical Symptoms
Urine tests - Investigations and procedures
Proteinuria - Investigations and procedures
Imaging of the urinary tract - Investigations and procedures
Cystoscopy - Investigations and procedures
Measuring renal function - Investigations and procedures
Anion gap - Investigations and procedures
Renal biopsy - Investigations and procedures
Dialysis - Investigations and procedures
Renal failure - Disorders of the kidney
Acute renal failure - Disorders of the kidney
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) - Disorders of the kidney
Chronic renal failure - Disorders of the kidney
Renal osteodystrophy - Disorders of the kidney
Glomerular disease
Nephrotic syndrome - Glomerular disease
Nephritic syndrome - Glomerular disease
Acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis - Glomerular disease
Focal segmental proliferative glomerulonephritis - Glomerular disease
IgA nephropathy - Glomerular disease
Goodpasture’s disease (anti-GBM disease) - Glomerular disease
Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (membranoproliferative GN) - Glomerular disease
Minimal change disease - Glomerular disease
Membranous glomerulonephritis - Glomerular disease
Focal (segmental) glomerulosclerosis - Glomerular disease
Tubulointerstitial disease - Tubular and interstitial diseases
Renal tubular syndromes - Tubular and interstitial diseases
Renal tubular acidosis - Tubular and interstitial diseases
Hyperuricaemic (gouty) nephropathy - Tubular and interstitial diseases
Adult polycystic kidney disease - Renal cystic disease
Simple renal cysts - Renal cystic disease
Urinary tract obstruction - Renal tract obstruction
Pelviureteric junction obstruction (idiopathic hydronephrosis) - Renal tract obstruction
The kidney in sytemic disease
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - haemolytic uraemic syndrome
Congenital malformations of the kidney - Congenital disorders of the kidney
Congenital malformations of the ureter - Congenital disorders of the kidney
Bladder outflow obstruction - Disorders of the bladder and prostate
Benign prostatic hyperplasia - Disorders of the bladder and prostate
Urinary incontinence - Disorders of the bladder and prostate
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) - Urinary tract infections
Acute pyelonephritis - Urinary tract infections
Renal or perinephric abscess - Urinary tract infections
Chronic pyelonephritis (reflux nephropathy) - Urinary tract infections
Urinary schistosomiasis (bilharzia) - Urinary tract infections
Acute epididymo orchitis - Urinary tract infections
Urinary stones
Stag horn calculus - Urinary stones
Torsion of the testis - Disorders of the male genital system
Hydrocele - Disorders of the male genital system
Varicocele - Disorders of the male genital system
Phimosis - Disorders of the male genital system
Epididymal cysts - Disorders of the male genital system
Impotence - Disorders of the male genital system
Kidney tumours - Genitourinary oncology
Renal cell carcinoma - Genitourinary oncology
Bladder cancer - Genitourinary oncology
Prostate cancer - Genitourinary oncology
Introduction to testicular tumours - Genitourinary oncology
Seminoma - Genitourinary oncology
Teratoma (non-seminomatous germ cell tumours) - Genitourinary oncology
Leydig cell tumour - Genitourinary oncology
Sertoli cell tumour - Genitourinary oncology

Nervous system


Headache - Clinical Symptoms
Fits and faints - Clinical Symptoms
Dizziness and vertigo - Clinical Symptoms
Altered sensation or weakness in the limbs - Clinical Symptoms
Patterns of neurological disorders
Upper motor neurone signs - Patterns of neurological disorders
Lower motor neurone signs - Patterns of neurological disorders
Cerebellar signs - Patterns of sensory loss
Extrapyramidal signs (Parkinsonism) - Patterns of sensory loss
Gait - Patterns of sensory loss
Electroencephalography - Investigations and procedures
Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) - Investigations and procedures
Lumbar puncture - Investigations and procedures
CT head - Investigations and procedures
MRI brain and spinal cord - Investigations and procedures
Stroke - Cerebrovascular disease
Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) - Cerebrovascular disease
Hypoxic ischaemic brain injury - Cerebrovascular disease
Intracerebral haemorrhage - Cerebrovascular disease
Sub/extradural haemorrhage - Cerebrovascular disease
Subarachnoid haemorrhage - Cerebrovascular disease
Intracranial venous thrombosis - Cerebrovascular disease
Bacterial meningitis - Infections of the nervous system: Meningitis and encephalitis
Viral meningitis - Infections of the nervous system
Tuberculous meningitis - Infections of the nervous system
Other causes of meningitis - Infections of the nervous system
Acute viral encephalitis - Infections of the nervous system
Tetanus - Miscellaneous infective or post infective CNS disorders
Poliomyelitis - Miscellaneous infective or post infective CNS disorders
Cerebritis and cerebral abscess - Abscesses of the nervous system
Tuberculoma - Abscesses of the nervous system
Epilepsy - Disorders of consciousness and memory
Acute confusional state (delirium) - Disorders of consciousness and memory
Coma - Disorders of consciousness and memory
Head Injury - Disorders of consciousness and memory
Dementia - Disorders of consciousness and memory
Alzheimer’s disease - Disorders of consciousness and memory
Creutzfeld Jakob disease - Disorders of consciousness and memory
Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome - Disorders of consciousness and memory
Brain death - Disorders of consciousness and memory
Parkinson’s disease
Other causes of Parkinsonism
Benign essential tremor
Huntington’s disease
Multiple sclerosis
Hydrocephalus - CNS causes of headache
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension - CNS causes of headache
Migraine - CNS causes of headache
Tension headache - CNS causes of headache
Trigeminal neuralgia - CNS causes of headache
Motor neurone disease
Spinal cord lesions - Disorders of the spinal cord
Spinal cord compression - Disorders of the spinal cord
Syringomyelia and syringobulbia - Disorders of the spinal cord
Transverse myelitis - Disorders of the spinal cord
Myotonic dystrophy - Muscular dystrophies
Myasthenia gravis - Neuromuscular junction disorders
Eaton-Lambert syndrome - Neuromuscular junction disorders
Olfactory nerve (I) lesion - Disorders of cranial nerves
The optic nerve - Disorders of cranial nerves
Abnormalities of the optic disc - Disorders of cranial nerves
Horner’s syndrome - Disorders of cranial nerves
Oculomotor nerve (III) lesion - Disorders of cranial nerves
Trochlear nerve (IV) lesion - Disorders of cranial nerves
Abducent nerve (VI) lesion - Disorders of cranial nerves
Trigeminal nerve (V) lesion - Disorders of cranial nerves
Facial nerve (VII) lesions - Disorders of cranial nerves
Bell’s palsy - Disorders of cranial nerves
Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) lesion - Disorders of cranial nerves
Glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) lesions - Disorders of cranial nerves
Accessory nerve (XI) lesions - Disorders of cranial nerves
Hypoglossal nerve (XII) lesions - Disorders of cranial nerves
Lesions of peripheral nerves - Disorders of Peripheral nerves
Guillain Barre syndrome - Disorders of Peripheral nerves
Brachial plexus injuries - Disorders of Peripheral nerves
Median nerve lesions - Disorders of Peripheral nerves
Carpal tunnel syndrome - Disorders of Peripheral nerves
Ulnar nerve lesions - Disorders of Peripheral nerves
Radial nerve lesions - Disorders of Peripheral nerves
Sciatic nerve lesions - Disorders of Peripheral nerves
Femoral nerve injuries - Disorders of Peripheral nerves
Peroneal nerve lesions - Disorders of Peripheral nerves
Cerebral palsy - Hereditary and congenital disorders
Neurofibromatosis type 1 - Hereditary and congenital disorders
Neurofibromatosis type 2 - Hereditary and congenital disorders
Tuberose sclerosis - Hereditary and congenital disorders
Friedreich’s ataxia - Hereditary and congenital disorders
Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease)
Primary intracranial tumours - Tumours of the nervous system
Meningioma - Tumours of the nervous system
Gliomas (astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas) - Tumours of the nervous system

Musculoskeletal system


Joint pain - Clinical Symptoms
Joint swelling - Clinical Symptoms
Joint stiffness - Clinical Symptoms
Laboratory investigations - Investigations and procedures
Joint aspiration - Investigations and procedures
Diagnostic imaging - Investigations and procedures
Acute osteomyelitis - Bone and joint infections
Chronic osteomyelitis - Bone and joint infections
Tuberculous bone infection - Bone and joint infections
Septic arthritis - Bone and joint infections
Osteoarthritis - Bone and joint infections
Rheumatoid arthritis - Seropositive arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis - Seronegative arthritides (spondyloarthropathies)
Psoriatic arthritis - Seronegative arthritides (spondyloarthropathies)
Reactive arthritis - Seronegative arthritides (spondyloarthropathies)
Inflammatory bowel disease related arthritis - Seronegative arthritides (spondyloarthropathies)
Systemic lupus erythematosus - Connective tissue disorders
Antiphospholipid syndrome - Connective tissue disorders
Systemic sclerosis and scleroderma - Connective tissue disorders
Sjogren’s syndrome - Connective tissue disorders
Polymyositis and dermatomyositis - Connective tissue disorders
Marfan’s syndrome - Connective tissue disorders
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome - Connective tissue disorders
Crystal arthropathies
Gout - Crystal arthropathies
Pseudogout - Crystal arthropathies
Osteoporosis - Metabolic bone disorders
Osteomalacia - Metabolic bone disorders
Paget’s disease - Metabolic bone disorders
Achondroplasia - Genetic musculoskeletal disorders
Osteogenesis imperfecta - Genetic musculoskeletal disorders
Metastatic bone tumours - Bone tumours
Vasculitis
Polymyalgia rheumatica - Vasculitis
Temporal (giant cell) arteritis - Vasculitis
Takayasu’s syndrome - Vasculitis
Polyarteritis nodosa - Vasculitis
Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatosis)
Buerger’s disease
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
Raynaud’s disease and phenomenon
Behc¸et’s syndrome

Dermatology and soft tissues


Clinical - Dermatology and soft tissues
Atopic eczema - Scaly lesions
Contact dermatitis - Scaly lesions
Seborrhoeic dermatitis - Scaly lesions
Psoriasis - Scaly lesions
Pityriasis rosea - Pityriases
Pityriasis versicolor and Ichthyoses - Pityriases
Erythema multiforme - Erythematous lesions
Erythema nodosum - Erythematous lesions
Urticaria - Erythematous lesions
Lichen planus - Lichenoid lesions
Lichen sclerosus - Lichenoid lesions
Lichen simplex chronicus (neurodermatitis) - Lichenoid lesions
Pemphigus - Bullous disorders
Pemphigoid - Bullous disorders
Dermatitis herpetiformis - Bullous disorders
Acne vulgaris - Facial dermatoses
Rosacea - Facial dermatoses
Alopecia - Hair and nail disorders
Hirsutism - Hair and nail disorders
Hypertrichosis - Hair and nail disorders
Impetigo - Bacterial infections
Cellulitis - Bacterial infections
Clostridial myonecrosis (gas gangrene) - Bacterial infections
Leprosy - Bacterial infections
Herpes simplex - Viral skin infections
Herpes zoster (shingles) - Viral skin infections
Human papillomavirus (viral warts) - Viral skin infections
Candida albicans - Fungal skin infections
Dermatophyte (ring worm) fungi - Fungal skin infections
Head lice - Parasitic skin infections
Scabies - Parasitic skin infections
Seborrhoeic keratoses - Skin and soft tissue lumps
Solar keratoses - Skin and soft tissue lumps
Dermatofibromas - Skin and soft tissue lumps
Benign naevi - Skin and soft tissue lumps
Haemangiomas - Skin and soft tissue lumps
Lipoma - Skin and soft tissue lumps
Epidermoid cysts - Skin and soft tissue lumps
Dermoid cysts - Skin and soft tissue lumps
Ganglion - Skin and soft tissue lumps
Basal cell carcinoma - Skin tumours
Squamous cell carcinoma - Skin tumours
Malignant melanoma - Skin tumours

Breast disorders


Breast lumps - Clinical Symptoms
Breast pain (mastalgia) - Clinical Symptoms
Nipple discharge - Clinical Symptoms
Imaging in breast disease - Investigations/procedures
Breast tissue sampling - Investigations/procedures
Breast reconstruction - Investigations/procedures
Benign breast disease - Benign disorders of the breast
Fibroadenoma - Benign disorders of the breast
Breast cysts - Benign disorders of the breast
Duct ectasia - Benign disorders of the breast
Duct papilloma - Benign disorders of the breast
Fat necrosis - Benign disorders of the breast
Acute mastitis - Infections of the breast
Breast cancer
UK programme - Breast cancer screening

Endocrine system


Principles of endocrine testing
Introduction to the hypothalamus and pituitary
Pituitary adenomas
Hypopituitarism
Dopamine and prolactin axis
Hyperprolactinaemia - Dopamine and prolactin axis
Growth axis
Thyroid axis
Multinodular goitre - Thyroid axis
Solitary thyroid nodule - Thyroid axis
Graves’ disease (primary thyrotoxicosis) - Thyroid axis
Thyrotoxic crisis (storm) - Thyroid axis
Hypothyroidism (myxoedema) - Thyroid axis
Hashimoto’s disease (autoimmune thyroiditis) - Thyroid axis
Myxoedema coma - Thyroid axis
Papillary adenocarcinoma - Malignant tumours of the thyroid
Follicular adenocarcinoma - Malignant tumours of the thyroid
Medullary carcinoma - Malignant tumours of the thyroid
Anaplastic carcinoma - Malignant tumours of the thyroid
Thyroidectomy - Malignant tumours of the thyroid
Adrenal axis
Cushing’s syndrome - Adrenal axis
Cushing’s disease - Adrenal axis
Addison’s disease - Adrenal axis
Addisonian crisis - Adrenal axis
Conn’s syndrome - Adrenal axis
Phaeochromocytoma - Adrenal axis
Adrenalectomy - Adrenal axis
Syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) - Thirst axis
Diabetes insipidus - Thirst axis
Hyperparathyroidism - Disorders of the parathyroids
Primary hyperparathyroidism - Disorders of the parathyroids
Secondary hyperparathyroidism - Disorders of the parathyroids
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism - Disorders of the parathyroids
Hypoparathyroidism - Disorders of the parathyroids
Pseudohypoparathyroidism - Disorders of the parathyroids
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) - Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome
Diabetes mellitus type 1
Diabetes mellitus type 2
Secondary diabetes mellitus
Insulin therapy - Diabetes mellitus
Diabetic microvascular disease - Complications of diabetes
Diabetic microvascular disease - Complications of diabetes
Diabetic nephropathy - Complications of diabetes
Diabetic neuropathy - Complications of diabetes
Symmetrical peripheral neuropathy - Complications of diabetes
Focal and multifocal neuropathy - Complications of diabetes
Autonomic neuropathy - Complications of diabetes
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) - Complications of diabetes
Hyperosmolar, non-ketotic coma (HONK) - Complications of diabetes
Hypoglycaemia - Complications of diabetes

Haematology and clinical Immunology


Lymphadenopathy and Splenomegaly - Clinical Signs
Bleeding tendency - Clinical Signs
Full blood count - Investigations and procedures
Coagulation screening tests - Investigations and procedures
Bone marrow sampling - Investigations and procedures
Haemopoeitic progenitor cell transplantation - Investigations and procedures
Allergy testing - Investigations and procedures
Anaemia
Iron deficiency anaemia - Microcytic hypchromic anaemia
Sideroblastic anaemia - Microcytic hypchromic anaemia
Anaemia of chronic disease - Normocytic anaemia
Macrocytic normoblastic anaemia - Macrocytic anaemia
Megaloblastic anaemia - Macrocytic anaemia
Vitamin B12 deficiency - Macrocytic anaemia
Pernicious anaemia - Macrocytic anaemia
Folate deficiency - Macrocytic anaemia
Haemolytic anaemia - Macrocytic anaemia
Hereditary spherocytosis - Inherited haemolytic anaemia
Haemoglobinopathies
Sickle cell anaemia
?-Thalassaemia
?-Thalassaemia
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency - Metabolic defects
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia - Acquired haemolytic anaemia
Aplastic anaemia - Acquired haemolytic anaemia
Malaria
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Myeloproliferative diseases
Chronic myelogenous leukaemia
Polycythaemia vera
Myelofibrosis
Essential thrombocythaemia
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) - Acute leukaemia
Acute myeloid leukaemia - Acute leukaemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia - Chronic leukaemia
Hodgkin’s disease - Lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Multiple myeloma - Paraproteinaemias
Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia - Paraproteinaemias
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) - Paraproteinaemias
Haemophilia A - Clotting disorders
von Willebrand disease - Clotting disorders
Haemophilia B - Clotting disorders
Disseminated intravascular coagulation - Clotting disorders
Vitamin K deficiency - Clotting disorders
Acute immune thrombocytopenia purpura - Clotting disorders
Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura - Clotting disorders
Thrombophilia - Thrombotic disorders
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia - Vascular causes of bleeding
Transfusion medicine
Hypersensitivity reactions - Allergy
Urticaria Anaphylaxis - Allergy
Hereditary angioedema - Allergy
Human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS - HIV
Kaposi’s sarcoma - HIV
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) - HIV

Nutritional and metabolic disorders


Obesity - Nutritional disorders
Malnutrition (including kwashiorkor and marasmus)
Hyperlipidaemia
Vitamin A deficiency
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency
Niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency (pellagra)
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency
Vitamin C deficiency
Amyloidosis - Metabolic disorders
Porphyria - Metabolic disorders
Hyperhomocysteinaemia - Metabolic disorders

Genetic syndromes


Patterns of inheritance - Genetic syndromes
Down syndrome - Genetic syndromes: Patterns of inheritance
Klinefelter syndrome - Genetic syndromes: Patterns of inheritance
Turner syndrome - Genetic syndromes: Patterns of inheritance

Overdose poisoning and addiction


Alcohol abuse and dependence
Opiate abuse and dependence
Cocaine abuse and dependence
Amphetamine abuse
Ecstasy abuse
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