Anesthesiology

Important questions and answers, Question Paper download, Online Study Material, Lecturing Notes, Assignment, Reference, Wiki

Anesthesiology

Anesthesiology



The Practice of Anesthesiology


The Practice of Anesthesiology
The History of Anesthesia
Inhalation Anesthesia
Local & Regional Anesthesia
Intravenous Anesthesia
Evolution of the Specialty
The Scope of Anesthesia

Anesthetic Equipment and Monitors

The Operating Room Environment


The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture
The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems
Environmental Factors in the Operating Room
Electrical Safety in the Operating Room
Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room
Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room
Laser Safety in the Operating Room
Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room
Future Design of Operating Rooms

Breathing Systems


Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems
Insufflation
Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia
Mapleson Circuits
Components of Mapleson Circuits
Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits
The Circle System
Components of the Circle System
Optimization of Circle System Design
Performance Characteristics of the Circle System
Disadvantages of the Circle System
Resuscitation Breathing Systems

The Anesthesia Machine


The Anesthesia Machine
Anesthesia Gas Supply
Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits
Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit
Anesthesia Ventilators
Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design
Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring
Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators
Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers
Anesthesia Machine Checkout List

Cardiovascular Monitoring


Arterial Blood Pressure
Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications
Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring
Electrocardiography
Central Venous Catheterization
Pulmonary Artery Catheterization
Cardiac Output

Non cardiovascular Monitoring


Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors
Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors
Capnography
Anesthetic Gas Analysis
Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors
Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors
Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the Brain
Temperature Monitors
Urinary Output Monitors
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation

Clinical Pharmacology

Pharmacological Principles


Pharmacokinetics: Absorption
Pharmacokinetics: Distribution
Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation
Pharmacokinetics: Excretion
Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models
Pharmacodynamics
Inhalation Anesthetics
Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration
Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration
Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration
Factors Affecting Elimination
Theories of Anesthetic Action
Anesthetic Neurotoxicity
Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning
Minimum Alveolar Concentration
Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics
Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics
Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics
Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics
Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics
Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics

Intravenous Anesthetics


Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates
Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines
Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine
Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate
Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol
Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol

Analgesic Agents


Analgesic Agents: Opioids
Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents


Neuromuscular Transmission
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action
Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade
Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade
Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine
Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological Characteristics
Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological Characteristics
Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium
Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium
Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium
Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium
Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium
Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants
Newer Muscle Relaxants

Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Other Pharmacologic Antagonists to Neuromuscular Blocking Agents


Cholinergic Pharmacology
Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action
Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology
Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine
Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine
Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium
Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine
Non Classic Reversal Agents
Sugammadex
L Cysteine

Anticholinergic Drugs


Anticholinergic Drugs
Specific Anticholinergic Drugs

Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists


Adrenoceptor Physiology
Adrenergic Agonists
Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine
Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine
Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine
Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine
Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine
Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol
Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine
Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine
Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam
Adrenergic Antagonists: ?lpha Blockers Phentolamine
Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol
Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers
Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol
Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol
Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol
Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol
Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol
Perioperative ?eta Blocker Therapy

Hypotensive Agents


Hypotensive Agents
Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside
Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin
Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine
Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam
Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists

Local Anesthetics


Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action
Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships
Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics
Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems
Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions

Adjuncts to Anesthesia


Aspiration
Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists
Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists
Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists
Aspiration: Antacids
Aspiration: Metoclopramide
Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors
Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV
5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists
Butyrophenones
Dexamethasone
Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist
Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac
Clonidine
Dexmedetomidine
Doxapram
Naloxone
Naltrexone
Flumazenil

Anesthetic Management

Preoperative Assessment and Premedication Perioperative Documentation


Preoperative Evaluation
Elements of the Preoperative History
Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination
Preoperative Laboratory Testing
Premedication
Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology

Anesthetic Management Airway Management


Airway Management: Anatomy
Routine Airway Management
Airway Assessment
Airway Management Equipment
Airway Management Positioning
Airway Preoxygenation
Bag and Mask Ventilation
Supraglottic Airway Devices
Endotracheal Intubation
Larygoscopes
Video Laryngoscopes
Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation
Surgical Airway Techniques
Problems Following Intubation
Techniques of Extubation
Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation

Cardiovascular Physiology and Anesthesia


Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia
Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart
Cardiac Action Potentials
Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse
Mechanism of Heart Contraction
Innervation of the Heart
The Cardiac Cycle
Determinants of Ventricular Performance
Assessment of Ventricular Function
Systemic Circulation
Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature
Arterial Blood Pressure
Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation
Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart
Compensatory Mechanisms

Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease


Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac Surgery
Coronary Artery Disease
Hypertension
Hypertension:Preoperative Management
Hypertension: Intraoperative Management
Hypertension: Postoperative Management
Ischemic Heart Disease
Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management
Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management
Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring
Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator Management
Heart Failure
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients
Mitral Stenosis
Mitral Regurgitation
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Aortic Stenosis
Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient
Aortic Regurgitation
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Endocarditis Prophylaxis
Anticoagulation
Congenital Heart Disease
Obstructive Lesions
Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts
Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts
The Patient with a Transplanted Heart

Anesthesia for Cardiovascular Surgery


Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia
Myocardial Preservation
Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults
Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period
Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period
Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period
Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB
Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period
Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period
O?-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Pediatric Patients
Cardiac Transplantation
Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management
Pericardial Disease
Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta
Specific Lesions of the Aorta
Anesthetic Management
Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery

Respiratory Physiology and Anesthesia


Functional Respiratory Anatomy
Mechanisms of Breathing
Lung Mechanics
Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships
Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions
Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood
Control of Breathing
Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung

Anesthesia for Patients with Respiratory Disease


Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors
Anesthesia : Asthma
Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease
Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders
Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders
Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders
Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism

Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery


Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position
Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax
Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation
Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia
Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation
Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations
Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations
Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection
Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection
Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS)
Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures
Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation
Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery

Neurophysiology and Anesthesia


Cerebral Metabolism
Cerebral Blood Flow
Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow
Blood Brain Barrier
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Intracranial Pressure
Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology
Physiology of Brain Protection

Anesthesia for Neurosurgery


Intracranial Hypertension
Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions
Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa
Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery
Anesthesia for Head Trauma
Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous Malformations
Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine

Anesthesia for Patients with Neurologic and Psychiatric Diseases


Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease
Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders
Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease
Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease
Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis
Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome
Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction
Anesthesia for Syringomyelia
Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury
Anesthesia for Depression
Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease
Anesthesia for Schizophrenia
Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Anesthesia for Substance Abuse

Renal Physiology Anesthesia


Renal Physiology & Anesthesia
Anesthesia: The Nephron
Anesthesia: The Renal Circulation
Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration
Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery on Renal Function
Anesthesia: Diuretics
Anesthesia: Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol
Anesthesia: Loop Diuretics
Anesthesia: Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics
Anesthesia: Potassium Sparing Diuretics
Anesthesia: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease


Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease
Anesthesia for Evaluating Renal Function
Altered Renal Function the Effects of Anesthetic Agents
Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Failure
Anesthesia for Patients with Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment

Anesthesia for Genitourinary Surgery


Anesthesia for Cystoscopy
Anesthesia for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate
Anesthesia for Lithotripsy
Anesthesia for Noncancer Surgery of the Upper Ureter & Kidney
Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies
Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Prostate Cancer
Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Bladder Cancer
Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Testicular Cancer
Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Renal Cancer
Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation

Hepatic Physiology Anesthesia


Hepatic Physiology and Functional Anatomy
Liver Tests
Effect of Anesthesia on Hepatic Function

Anesthesia for Patients with Liver Disease


Anesthesia for Coagulation in Liver Disease
Anesthesia for Acute Hepatitis
Anesthesia for Chronic Hepatitis
Anesthesia for Cirrhosis
Anesthesia for Hepatic Surgery
Anesthesia for Special Situations

Anesthesia for Patients with Endocrine Disease


The Pancreas Physiology
Anesthesia for Diabetes Mellitus
The Thyroid Physiology
Anesthesia for Hyperthyroidism
Anesthesia for Hypothyroidism
The Parathyroid Glands Physiology
Anesthesia for Hyperparathyroidism
Anesthesia for Hypoparathyroidism
The Adrenal Gland Physiology
Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Excess
Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Deficiency
Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Excess
Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Deficiency
Anesthesia for Catecholamine Excess
Anesthesia for Obesity
Anesthesia for Carcinoid Syndrome

Anesthesia for Patients with Neuromuscular Disease


Anesthesia for Patients with Neuromuscular Disease
Anesthesia for Myasthenia Gravis
Anesthesia for Paraneoplastic Neuromu Scularsyndromes
Anesthesia for Muscular Dystrophies
Anesthesia for Myotonias
Anesthesia for Periodic Paralysis

Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery


Anesthesia for Intraocular Pressure Dynamics
Anesthesia for the Oculocardiac Reflex
Anesthesia for Intraocular Gas Expansion
Anesthesia for Systemic Effects of Ophthalmic Drugs
General Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery
Regional Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery

Anesthesia for Otorhinolaryngologic Surgery


Anesthesia for Endoscopy
Anesthesia for Nasal & Sinus Surgery
Anesthesia for Head & Neck Cancer Surgery
Anesthesia for Maxillofacial Reconstruction & Orthognathic Surgery
Anesthesia for Ear Surgery

Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery


Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery
Anesthesia for Perioperative Management Considerations in Orthopedic Surgery
Anesthesia for Fracture of the Hip
Anesthesia for Total Hip Arthroplasty
Anesthesia for Closed Reduction of Hip Dislocation
Anesthesia for Knee Arthroscopy
Anesthesia for Total Knee Replacement
Anesthesia for Shoulder Surgery
Anesthesia for Distal Upper Extremity Surgery

Anesthesia for Trauma and Emergency Surgery


Anesthesia for Trauma & Emergency Surgery
Anesthesia for Primary Survey
Anesthesia for Resuscitation
Anesthesia for Definitive Trauma Interventions
Anesthesia for Traumatic Brain Injury
Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury
Anesthesia for Burns

Maternal and Fetal Physiology and Anesthesia


Anesthesia for Physiological Changes During Pregnancy
Anesthesia for Uteroplacental Circulation
Physiology of Normal Labor
Effect of Labor on Maternal Physiology
Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Uterine Activity & Labor
Fetal Physiology
Physiological Transition of the Fetus at Birth

Obstetric Anesthesia


Anesthetic Risk in Obstetric Patients
General Approach to the Obstetric Patient
Anesthesia for Labor & Vaginal Delivery
Regional Anesthetic Techniques: Spinal Opioids Alone
Regional Anesthetic Techniques: Local Anesthetic/Local Anesthetic Opioid Mixtures
Anesthesia for Cesarean Section
Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: Regional Anesthesia
Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: General Anesthesia
Anesthesia for Emergency Cesarean Section
Anesthesia for Umbilical Cord Prolapse
Anesthesia for Dystocia & Abnormal Fetal Presentations & Positions
Anesthesia for Multiple Gestations
Anesthesia for Antepartum Hemorrhage
Anesthesia for Premature Rupture of Membranes & Chorioamnionitis
Anesthesia for Preterm Labor
Anesthesia for Hypertensive Disorders
Anesthesia for Heart Disease
Anesthesia for Amniotic Fluid Embolism
Anesthesia for Postpartum Hemorrhage
Anesthesia for Fetal Resuscitation
Anesthesia for Neonatal Resuscitation

Pediatric Anesthesia


Pediatric Anesthesia: Anatomic & Physiological Development
Pediatric Anesthesia: Pharmacological Differences
Pediatric Anesthetic Risk
Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Preoperative Considerations
Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Monitoring
Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Induction
Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Intravenous Induction
Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Inhalational Induction
Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Intravenous Access
Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Tracheal Intubation
Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Maintenance
Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Perioperative Fluid Requirements
Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia
Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Sedation for Procedures in and out of the Operating Room
Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Emergence & Recovery
Anesthetic Considerations in Prematurity
Anesthetic Considerations in Intestinal Malrotation & Volvulus
Anesthetic Considerations in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Anesthetic Considerations in Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Anesthetic Considerations in Gastroschisis & Omphalocele
Anesthetic Considerations in Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Anesthetic Considerations in Infectious Croup, Foreign Body Aspiration, & Acute Epiglottitis
Anesthetic Considerations in Tonsillectomy & Adenoidectomy
Anesthetic Considerations in Myringotomy & Insertion of Tympanostomy Tubes
Anesthetic Considerations in Trisomy 21 Syndrome Down Syndrome
Anesthetic Considerations in Cystic Fibrosis
Anesthetic Considerations in Scoliosis

Geriatric Anesthesia


Geriatric Anesthesia
Age-Related Anatomic & Physiological Changes
Age-Related Pharmacological Changes

Ambulatory Non operating Room and Office Based Anesthesia


Ambulatory, Non operating Room, & Office-Based Anesthesia
Advances in Ambulatory Anesthesia and Surgery
Candidates for Ambulatory and Office Based Anesthesia
Anesthesia: Specific Patient Conditions and Ambulatory Surgery
Anesthesia: Intraoperative Considerations
Post Anesthesia Recovery and Discharge
Anesthesia: Discharge Criteria
Unanticipated Hospital Admission Following Ambulatory Surgery
Anesthesia: Non Operating Room Anesthesia
Anesthesia: Special Considerations in Out of the Operating Room Locations

Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management

Spinal Epidural Caudal Blocks


Spinal, Epidural & Caudal Blocks
The Role of Neuraxial Anesthesia in Anesthetic Practice
Anatomy of Vertebral Column
Anatomy of The Spinal Cord
Spinal, Epidural & Caudal Blocks: Mechanism of Action
Clinical Considerations Common to Spinal & Epidural Blocks
Spinal Anesthesia
Epidural Anesthesia
Epidural Needles and Epidural Catheters
Specific Techniques for Epidural Anesthesia
Activating an Epidural
Epidural Anesthesia: Factors Affecting Level of Block
Epidural Anesthetic Agents
Epidural Anesthesia: Local Anesthetic pH Adjustment
Failed Epidural Blocks
Caudal Anesthesia
Complications of Neuraxial Blocks
Complications Associated with Excessive Responses to Appropriately Placed Drug
Complications Associated with Needle or Catheter Insertion
Complications Associated with Drug Toxicity

Peripheral Nerve Blocks


Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Patient Selection
Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Risks & Contraindications
Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Choice of Local Anesthetic
Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Preparation
Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Block Techniques
Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Brachial Plexus Anatomy
Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Interscalene Block
Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Supraclavicular Block
Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Infraclavicular Block
Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Axillary Block
Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Blocks of the Terminal Nerves
Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Intravenous Regional Anesthesia
Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Lumbar & Sacral Plexus Anatomy
Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Femoral Nerve Block
Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Block
Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Obturator Nerve Block
Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Posterior Lumbar Plexus (Psoas Compartment) Block
Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Saphenous Nerve Block
Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Sciatic Nerve Block
Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Ankle Block
Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Superficial Cervical Plexus Block
Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Intercostal Block
Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Paravertebral Block
Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Transversus Abdominis Plane Block

Chronic Pain Management


Anesthesia: Chronic Pain Management
Definitions & Classification of Chronic Pain
Pain Pathways
Physiology of Nociception
Pathophysiology of Chronic Pain
Systemic Responses to Pain
Evaluation of the Patient with Chronic Pain
Entrapment Syndromes
Myofascial Pain
Fibromyalgia
Low Back Pain & Related Syndromes
Neuropathic Pain
Acute Herpes Zoster & Postherpetic Neuralgia - Chronic Pain Management
Headache - Chronic Pain Management
Abdominal Pain - Chronic Pain Management
Cancer Related Pain - Chronic Pain Management
Interventional Therapies: Pharmacological Interventions
Diagnostic & Therapeutic Blocks
Trigeminal Nerve Block
Facial Nerve Block
Glossopharyngeal Block
Occipital Nerve Block
Suprascapular Nerve Block
Cervical Paravertebral Nerve Blocks
Thoracic Paravertebral Nerve Block
Lumbar Paravertebral Nerve Blocks
Cervical, Thoracic & Lumbar Medial Branch Blocks
Trans-Sacral Nerve Block
Pudendal Nerve Block
Sympathetic Nerve Blocks
Cervicothoracic (Stellate) Block
Splanchnic Nerve Block
Celiac Plexus Block
Lumbar Sympathetic Block
Superior Hypogastric Plexus Block
Ganglion Impar Block
Intravenous Regional Block
Epidural Injections
Radio frequency Ablation & Cryoneurolysis
Chemical Neurolysis
Differential Neural Blockade
Neuromodulation
Vertebral Augmentation
Multidisciplinary Treatment

Perioperative Pain Management Enhanced Outcomes


Evolution of Enhanced Recovery Programs
Anesthetic Management: Preoperative Period
Anesthetic Management: Intraoperative Period
Anesthetic Management: Postoperative Period
Anesthetic Management: Issues in the Implementation of Enhanced Recovery Programs

Perioperative and Critical Care Medicine

Management of Patients with Fluid Electrolyte Disturbances


Nomenclature of Solutions
Fluid Compartments
Disorders of Water Balance
Disorders of Water Balance: Control of Plasma Osmolality
Disorders of Water Balance: Hyperosmolality & Hypernatremia
Disorders of Water Balance: Hypoosmolality & Hyponatremia
Disorders of Sodium Balance
Disorders of Potassium Balance
Intercompartmental Shifts of Potassium
Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia
Disorders of Calcium Balance: Normal Calcium Balance
Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia
Disorders of Phosphorus Balance
Normal Phosphorus Balance
Hyperphosphatemia
Hypophosphatemia
Disorders of Magnesium Balance
Normal Magnesium Balance
Hypermagnesemia
Hypomagnesemia

Acid Base Management


Acid-Base Management
Hydrogen Ion Concentration & pH
Acids & Bases
Strong Ion Difference
Conjugate Pairs & Buffers
Acid-Base Clinical Disorders
Body Buffers
Respiratory Compensation
Renal Acid-Base Compensation
Physiological Effects of Acidemia
Respiratory Acidosis
Metabolic Acidosis
Anesthetic considerations in Patients With Acidosis
Physiological Effects of Alkalosis
Respiratory Alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis
Anesthetic Considerations in Patients With Alkalemia
Diagnosis of Acid Base Disorders
Measurement of Blood Gas Tensions & pH

Fluid Management and Blood Component Therapy


Evaluation of Intravascular Volume
Intravenous Fluids
Perioperative Fluid Therapy
Transfusion
Complications of Blood Transfusion
Alternative Strategies for Management of Blood Loss During Surgery

Thermoregulation and Hypothermia and Malignant Hyperthermia


Thermoregulation & Hypothermia
Malignant Hyperthermia

Nutrition in Perioperative and Critical Care


Basic Nutritional Needs
How to Feed the Patient
Complications of Nutritional Support
Specific Nutrients
Enteral Nutrition and NIL Per OS Rules Priorto Elective Surgery
TPN and Surgery

Anesthetic Complications


Litigation and Anesthetic Complications
Adverse Anesthetic Outcomes
Anesthetic Complications: Mortality and Brain Injury
Anesthetic Complications: Vascular Cannulation
Anesthetic Complications: Obstetric Anesthesia
Anesthetic Complications: Regional Anesthesia
Anesthetic Complications: Pediatric Anesthesia
Out of the Operating Room Anesthesia and Monitored Anesthesia Care
Anesthetic Complications: Equipment Problems
Anesthetic Complications: Quality Management
Anesthetic Complications: Airway Injury
Anesthetic Complications: Peripheral Nerve Injury
Anesthetic Complications: Awareness
Anesthetic Complications: Eye Injury
Anesthetic Complications: Cardiopulmonary Arrest During Spinal Anesthesia
Anesthetic Complications: Hearing Loss
Anesthetic Complications: Allergic Reactions
Occupational Hazards in Anesthesiology

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation


Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Airway
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Breathing
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Circulation
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Defibrillation
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Recommended Resuscitation Protocols

Postanesthesia Care


Postanesthesia Care
The Postanesthesia Care Unit
Emergence From General Anesthesia
Transport From the Operating Room to the PACU
Routine Recovery
Respiratory Complications
Circulatory Complications

Critical Care


Critical Care
Economic, Ethical, & Legal Issues in Critical Care
Respiratory Care
Medical Gas Therapy
Classifying Oxygen Therapy Equipment
Ambient Oxygen Therapy Equipment: Variable-Performance Equipment
Ambient Oxygen Therapy Equipment: Fixed-Performance (High-Flow) Equipment
Ambient Oxygen Therapy Equipment: Hazards of Oxygen Therapy
Mechanical Ventilation
Positive-Pressure Ventilators
Care of Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation
Discontinuing Mechanical Ventilation
Positive Airway Pressure Therapy
Other Respiratory Care Techniques
Respiratory Failure
Pulmonary Edema
Increased Transmural Pressure Pulmonary Edema (“Cardiogenic” Pulmonary Edema)
Increased Permeability Pulmonary Edema (Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema): Acute Lung Injury & ARDS
Critical Care: Drowning & Near Drowning
Critical Care: Smoke Inhalation
Acute Myocardial Infarction
Acute Kidney Injury & Failure
Prerenal Azotemia
Postrenal Azotemia
Reversible Azotemia Versus AKI
Infections & Sepsis
Pathophysiology of SIRS
Infections In the ICU
Septic Shock
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
End-of-Life Care

Safety Quality and Performance Improvement


Patient Safety Issues
Quality of Care Performance Improvement Issues



Privacy Policy, Terms and Conditions, DMCA Policy and Compliant, Contact

Contact Us(Customer Care) Via Social Media

Copyright © 2018-2024 BrainKart.com; All Rights Reserved. Developed by Therithal info, Chennai.