The structure of a C++ program
A comment istext that is ignored by the
compiler but which nonetheless conveys information to other programmers. A
comment consists of text enclosed between the markers /* and */ and may
continue over several lines.
The lines
beginning with #include such as
#include "genlib.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
indicate
that the compiler should read in definitions from a header file. The inclusion of a header file indicates that the
program uses facilities from a library,
which is a collection of prewritten tools that perform a set of useful
operations.
Program-level definitions const type name = value ;
constint LOWER_LIMIT = 0; constint UPPER_LIMIT = 12;
A function is a unit of code that (1)
performs a specific operation and (2) is identified by name. intRaiseIntToPower(int n, int k); is an
example of a function prototype, a
declaration that tells the compiler the information it needs to know about a
function to generate the proper code when that function is invoked.
The main program
Every C++
program must contain a function with the name main. This function specifies the starting point for the
computation and is called when the program starts up. When main has finished its work and returns, execution of the program
ends.
The next
line in the body of RaiseIntToPoweris
result = 1;
This
statement is a simple example of an assignment
statement, which sets the variable on the left of the equal sign to the
value of the expression on the right.
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