Points to remember:
·
Scope refers to the visibility of variables, parameters and
functions in one part of a program to another part of the same program.
·
The process of binding a variable name with an object is called
mapping.= (equal to sign) is used in programming languages to map the variable
and object.
·
Namespaces are containers for mapping names of variables to
objects.
·
The scope of a variable is that part of the code where it is
visible.
·
The LEGB rule is used to decide the order in which the scopes are
to be searched for scope resolution.
·
Local scope refers to variables defined in current function.
·
A variable which is declared outside of all the functions in a
program is known as global variable.
·
A function (method) with in another function is called nested
function.
·
A variable which is declared inside a function which contains
another function definition with in it, the inner function can also access the
variable of the outer function. This scope is called enclosed scope.
·
Built-in scope has all the names that are pre-loaded into program
scope when we start the compiler or interpreter.
·
A module is a part of a program. Programs are composed of one or
more independently developed modules.
·
The process of subdividing a computer program into separate
sub-programs is called Modular programming.
·
Access control is a security technique that regulates who or what
can view or use resources in a computing environment. It is a fundamental
concept in security that minimizes risk to the object.
·
Public members (generally methods declared in a class) are
accessible from outside the class.
·
Protected members of a class are accessible from within the class
and are also available to its sub-classes
·
Private members of a class are denied access from the outside the
class. They can be handled only from within the class.
·
Python prescribes a convention of prefixing the name of the
variable/method with single or double underscore to emulate the behaviour of
protected and private access specifiers.
·
C++ and Java, control the access to class members by public,
private and protected keywords
·
All members in a Python class are public by default whereas by
default in C++ and java all members are private.
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