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Physical and Chemical Properties - Properties of Metals | 10th Science : Chapter 8 : Periodic Classification of Elements

Chapter: 10th Science : Chapter 8 : Periodic Classification of Elements

Properties of Metals

Physical state: All metals are solids at room temperature except mercury and gallium.

PROPERTIES OF METALS

 

Physical properties

 

1. Physical state: All metals are solids at room temperature except mercury and gallium.

2. Lustre: Metals possess a high lustre (called metallic lustre).

3. Hardness: Most of the metals are hard and strong (exceptions: sodium and potassium can be cut with a knife)

4. Melting point and Boiling point: Usually, metals possess high melting and boiling points and vaporize only at high temperatures (exceptions: gallium, mercury, sodium and potassium).

5. Density: Metals have a high density (exceptions: sodium and potassium are less dense than water).

6. Ductility: Metals are usually ductile. In other words, they can be drawn into thin wires without breaking.

7. Malleability: Metals are usually malleable, i.e, they can be beaten into thin sheets without cracking (except zinc and mercury).

8. Conduction of heat and electricity: Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity; silver and copper excel in this property (exception: tungsten)

9. Solubility: Usually, metals do not dissolve in liquid solvents.

 

Chemical Properties

 

1. Valence electrons: Atoms of metals usually have 1,2 or 3 electrons in their outermost shell.

 

2. Formation of ions: Metals form Positive ions by the loss of electrons and hence they are electro positive.

 

3. Discharge of ions: Metals are discharged at the cathode during the electrolysis of their compounds.

 

4. Atomicity: Molecules of metals in their vapour state are usually monoatomic.

 

5. Nature of oxides: Oxides of metals are usually basic.

 

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