Plant Molecular Farming: A
Promising Stratergy in Biotechnology
The improvement of agricultural crop plants
relied largely on the conventional breeding programs to increase the
productivity, alter the quality characteristics or impart resistance to biotic
or abiotic stresses. However, with the advancement of molecular biology
techniques it has become possible to introduce entirely new characteristics
efficiently through insertion of the genes coding for the desired
characteristics directly into the genome of the plant or animal. Also, these
techniques have made possible to introduce non-native genes from varied
sources, thus tailoring the plant or animal to produce entirely new products
for innovative applications. A large number of recombinant proteins have been
produced in plants over the last twenty years, demonstrating the ability of
plants to compete with existing industrial production systems. The use of
plants for producing recombinant proteins has been termed as “Molecular
Farming” and its rapid progress is driven by the several advantages provided by
the plant expression systems. In this review we discuss the advantages of using
plant as expression systems, type of biomolecules and recent examples, the
plant endomembrane system, downstream processing of recombinant proteins in
plants, different novel plant-derived pharmaceuticals and non-pharmaceutical
proteinproducts that are at various stages of clinical development or
commercialization thereby making plant based production system suitable
alternatives to the existing system. It also attempts to overview the
challenges and future of plant molecular farming technology and biosafety of
molecular farming products which are crucial to eliminate the potential health
and environmental risks, thus ensuring the success of this system.
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