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Chapter: Paediatrics: Infectious diseases

Paediatrics: Immunizations

Immunizations are an important part of child health in the community.

Immunizations

 

   Immunizations are an important part of child health in the community.

 

   Immunization should be delayed in the acutely ill child.

 

   In those where there is a family history of febrile convulsion, advice should be given about control of fever with antipyretics, and when to seek medical assistance.

 

Schedule

 

The schedule for vaccinations to be given to an infant growing up in the

UK is as follows:

   BCG: birth in at-risk groups (e.g. those living in areas of high rate of TB, or those whose parents/grandparents were born in a TB high-prevalence country).

 

·  Hepatitis B:

 

   birth, 1mth, 2mths in at risk groups;

   12, 15, and 18mths in at risk groups.

   Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (DPT):

   2, 3, and 4mths in all infants;

   booster at 3yrs 4mths to 5yrs old;

   booster for only diphtheria and tetanus at 13–18-yr-olds.

   Inactivated polio virus:

   2, 3, and 4mths in all infants.

   boosters at 3yrs 4mths to 5yrs, and 13–18yrs

   Haemophilus influenzae type b: 2, 3, 4, and 12–13mths in all infants.

   Neiserria meningitidis (meningococcus) C: 3, 4 and 12–13mths in all infants.

   Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: 2, 4, and 12–13mths in all infants.

   Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR):

   12–13mths in all infants;

   booster at 3yrs 4mths to 5yrs.

   Human papilloma virus (HPV, against cervical cancer): 3 doses within 6mths in girls 12–13-yr-old.

 

Live vaccines are contraindicated in children with immunodeficiency. Pertussis immunization is contraindicated in infants who have had a severe local or general reaction to a previous injection. MMR is contraindicated in children allergic to excipients such as gelatin and neomycin.


 

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