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Chapter: 11th Physics : UNIT 10 : Oscillations

Oscillations

Motion in physics can be classified as repetitive (periodic motion) and non-repetitive (non-periodic motion).

OSCILLATIONS

 

INTRODUCTION


Have you seen the Thanjavur Dancing Doll (In Tamil, it is called ‘Thanjavur thalayatti bommai’)?. It is a world famous Indian cultural doll (Figure 10.1). What does this doll do when disturbed? It will dance such that the head and body move continuously in a to and fro motion, until the movement gradually stops. Similarly, when we walk on the road, our hands and legs will move front and back. Again similarly, when a mother swings a cradle to make her child sleep, the cradle is made to move in to and fro motion. All these motions are different from the motion that we have discussed so far. These motions are shown in Figure 10.2. Generally, they are known as oscillatory motion or vibratory motion. A similar motion occurs even at atomic levels. When the temperature is raised, the atoms in a solid vibrate about their rest position (mean position or equilibrium position). The study of vibrational motion is very important in engineering applications, such as, designing the structure of building, mechanical equipments, etc.


 

Periodic and non- periodic motion

 

Motion in physics can be classified as repetitive (periodic motion) and non-repetitive (non-periodic motion).

 

1. Periodic motion

Any motion which repeats itself in a fixed time interval is known as periodic motion.

Examples : Hands in pendulum clock, swing of a cradle, the revolution of the Earth around the Sun, waxing and waning of Moon, etc.

 

2. Non-Periodic motion

Any motion which does not repeat itself after a regular interval of time is known as non-periodic motion.

Example : Occurance of Earth quake, eruption of volcano, etc.

 

EXAMPLE 10.1

Classify the following motions as periodic and non-periodic motions?.

a. Motion of Halley’s comet.

b. Motion of clouds.

c. Moon revolving around the Earth.

Solution

a. Periodic motion

b. Non-periodic motion

c. Periodic motion

 

EXAMPLE 10.2

Which of the following functions of time represent periodic and non-periodic motion?.

a. sin ωt + cos ωt

b. ln ωt

Solution

a. Periodic

b. Non-periodic

Question to ponder

Discuss “what will happen if the motion of the Earth around the Sun is not a periodic motion”.

 

Oscillatory motion

 

When an object or a particle moves back and forth repeatedly for some duration of time its motion is said to be oscillatory (or vibratory). Examples; our heart beat, swinging motion of the wings of an insect, grandfather’s clock (pendulum clock), etc. Note that all oscillatory motion are periodic whereas all periodic motions need not be oscillation in nature. see Figure 10.3


 

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11th Physics : UNIT 10 : Oscillations : Oscillations |

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11th Physics : UNIT 10 : Oscillations


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