Vertical Columns
The
basic functional units of the neocortex are vertical cell columns that reach
through all layers and have a diameter of 200 – 300 µm. Electrophysiological
studies have shown that, in the cortical projection areas, each cell column is
connected to a defined peripheral group of sensory cells. Stimula-tion of the
peripheral field always yields a response from the entire column.
Fiber
tracts connect the cortical columns with each other (D): the fibers of a column (D20)
run either to columns of the ipsi-lateral hemisphere or via the corpus callosum to mostly symmetrically localized columns of
the contralateral hemisphere . Branches of
individual fibers terminate in different columns (D21). It is estimated that the neocortex is made up of 4 million
columns.
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