Nature and Properties of Enzymes:
1. Enzymes are proteins.
2. Enzymes are complex macromolecules with high molecular weight.
3. Enzymes acts as catalysts for biochemical reactions and are called biocatalysts.
4. They help in the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules (catabolism) and to the synthesis larger molecule (anabolism).
5. Enzymes possess high degree of specificity.
6. Most of the enzymes have high turnover number.
7. Some enzymes possess only one polypeptide chain. They are known as monomeric enzymes. (Ribonuclease, Trypsin etc.)
8. Some enzymes possess more than one polypeptide chain. They are known as oligomeric enzymes. (Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)).
9. The activity of an enzyme increases with increase in substrate concentration and ultimately reaches a steady maximum velocity.
10. Some enzymes can possess multiple function and more number of polypeptide chain are known as multi-enzyme complexes. Example: Fatty acid synthase.
11. Each enzyme show high activity at a particular pH and temperature called as its optimum pH and temperature respectively.
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