Chapter 5
More SQL:
Complex Queries, Triggers,
Views, and Schema
Modification
This chapter describes more advanced features of the SQL language standard
for relational databases. We start in Section 5.1 by presenting more complex
features of SQL retrieval queries, such as nested queries, joined tables, outer
joins, aggregate functions, and grouping. In Section 5.2, we describe the CREATE ASSERTION statement, which allows the specification of more general constraints
on the database. We also introduce the concept of triggers and the CREATE TRIGGER statement, which will be presented in more detail in Section 26.1 when
we present the principles of active databases. Then, in Section 5.3, we
describe the SQL facility for defining views on the database. Views are also
called virtual or derived tables because they present the
user with what appear to be tables; however, the information in those tables is
derived from previously defined tables. Section 5.4 introduces the SQL ALTER TABLE statement, which is used for modifying the database tables and
constraints. Section 5.5 is the chapter summary.
This chapter is a continuation of Chapter 4. The instructor may skip
parts of this chapter if a less detailed introduction to SQL is intended.
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