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Chapter: Mathematics (maths) : Partial Differential Equations

Lagrange’s Linear Equation

Equations of the form Pp + Qq = R , where P, Q and R are functions of x, y, z, are known as Lagrang solve this equation, let us consider the equations u = a and v = b, where a, b are arbitrary constants and u, v are functions of x, y, z.


Lagrange’s   Linear   Equation

 

Equations of the form Pp + Qq  = R ________ (1), where P, Q and R are functions   of x,   y,   z,   are   known   as   Lagrang solve this equation, let us consider the equations u = a  and v = b, where a, b are arbitrary constants and u, v are functions of x, y, z.


 

Equations (5) represent a pair of simultaneous equations which are of the first order and of first degree.Therefore, the two solutions of (5) are u = a and v = b. Thus, f( u, v ) = 0 is the required solution of (1).

 

Note :

 

To solve the Lagrange‟s equation,we have to form the subsidiary or auxiliary  equations



which can be solved either by the method of grouping or by the method of multipliers.

 

Example 21

 

Find the  general solution of px + qy = z.

 

 

Here, the subsidiary equations are


Integrating, log x = log y + log c1

or x = c1 y i.e, c1 = x / y

From the last two ratios,


 

Integrating, log y = log z  + log c2

or  y = c2 z         

i.e,  c2 = y / z         

Hence the required  general solution is  

Φ(   x/y,=  0,y/z)where Φ is   arbitrary

 

Example 22 

Solve  p tan x + q tan y  = tan z 

The subsidiary equations are       


 

Hence the required  general solution is  


where Φ is   arbitrary

 


 

Example 23                   

Solve (y-z) p + (z-x) q  = x-y

Here the subsidiary equations are


 

Example 24

 

Find the general solution of  (mz  - ny) p  + (nx- lz)q = ly - mx.

 







Exercises

 

Solve the following equations

 

1.     px2 + qy2 = z2

2.     pyz + qzx = xy 

3.     xp –yq = y2 â€“x2

4.     y2zp + x2zq = y2

5.     z (x –y) = px2 â€“qy2

6.     (a –x) p + (b –y) q = c –z 

7.  (y2z p) /x  + xzq = y2

8.     (y2 + z2) p –xyq + xz = 0 

9.     x2p + y2q = (x + y) z 

10.                      p –q = log (x+y) 

11.                      (xz + yz)p + (xz –yz)q = x2 + y2

12.                      (y –z)p –(2x + y)q = 2x + z 

 

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Mathematics (maths) : Partial Differential Equations : Lagrange’s Linear Equation |


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