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Chapter: Programming and Data structures : Graphs

Kruskal's algorithm

Kruskals algorithm used for solving minimum spanning tree problem.

KRUSKAL’S ALGORITHM

 

Kruskals algorithm used for solving minimum spanning tree problem.

 

 

Procedure

 

i.           Initially there are |V| single node trees. Each vertex is initially in its own set.

 

ii.           Select the edges (u,v) in the order of smallest weight and accepted if it does not cause the cycle.

 

iii.           Adding an edge merges 2 trees into one.

 

iv.          Repeat step 2 until the tree contains all the vertices.

 

 

The strategy

 

i.           The edges are built into a minheap structure and each vertex is considered as a sigle node tree.

 

ii.           The deletemin operation is used to find the minimum cost edge (u,v).

 

iii.           The vertices u and v are searched in the spanning tree set S and if the returned sets are not same then (u,v) is added to the set s with the constraint that adding (u,v) will not create a cycle in spanning tree set S.

 

iv.          Repeat step (ii) and (iii) until a spanning tree is constructed with |V| - 1 edges.

 

 

Example: Find the minimum spanning tree for the following graph.


 

i.           Initially all the vertices are single node trees.

 

ii.           Select the smallest edge v1 to v4, both the nodes are different sets, it does not form cycle.

 

iii.           Select the next smallest edge v6 to v7. These two vertices are different sets; it does not form a cycle, so it is included in the MST.

 

iv.          Select the next smallest edge v1 to v2. These two vertices are different sets; it does not form a cycle, so it is included in the MST.

 

v.           Select the next smallest edge v3 to v4. These two vertices are different sets; it does not form a cycle, so it is included in the MST.

 

vi.          Select the next smallest edge v2 to v4 both v2 and v4 are same set, it forms cycle so v2 – v4 edge is rejected.

 

vii.          Select the next smallest edge v1 to v3, it forms cycle so v1 – v3 edge is rejected.

 

viii.          Select the next smallest edge v4 to v7, it does not form a cycle so it is included in the tree.

 

ix.          Select the next smallest edge v3 to v6, it forms a cycle so v3 – v6 edge is rejected.

 

x.           Select the next smallest edge v5 to v7, it does not form a cycle so it is included in the tree.

 


Figure: Action of Kruskal's algorithm on G

 

All the nodes are included. The cost of minimum spanning tree = 16 (2 + 1+ 2 + 4 + 1 + 6).


Routine for kruskals algorithm

 

void kruskal( graph G ) {

 

int EdgesAccepted; DisjSet S; PriorityQueue H; vertex u, v; SetType uset, vset; Edge e;

 

Initialize( S );                            // form a single node tree

 

ReadGraphIntoHeapArray( G, H );

 

BuildHeap( H );

 

EdgesAccepted = 0;

 

while( EdgesAccepted < NumVertex-1 )

 

{

 

e = DeleteMin( H );      // Selection of minimum edge

 

uset = Find( u, S );

 

vset = Find( v, S );

 

if( uset != vset )

 

{

 

/* accept the edge */ EdgesAccepted++; SetUnion( S, uset, vset );

}

 

}

 

}

 

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Programming and Data structures : Graphs : Kruskal's algorithm |


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