COMMITMENT AND ECONOMIC DISPATCH
1. Define economic dispatch problem?
Ø The objective of economic dispatch problem is
to minimize the operating cost of active power generation.
2. Define incremental cost?
Ø The rate of change of fuel cost with active
power generation is called incremental cost. The load balance equation , Pg-pd-pl=0.
3. Define base point?
The present operating point of the system is
called base point.
3. Define participation factor?
Ø The change in generation required to meet power
demand is called as participation factor.
4. Define hydrothermal scheduling problem?
Ø The objective is to minimize the thermal
generation cost with the constraints of water availability.
5. Define Uncommitment?
Ø Commitment of minmum generator to meet the
required demand.
6. Define spinning reserve?
Ø It is the term describe the total amount of
generation availability from all units synchronized on the system.
7. What is meant by scheduled reserve?
Ø These include quick start diesel turbine units as
well as most hydro units and pumped storage hydro units that can be brought
online, synchronized and brought up to full capacity quickly.
8. What are the thermal unit constraint?
Ø Minimum up time, minimum down time crew
constraints.
10.
Define
minimum up time?
Ø Once the unit is running, it should not be
turned off immediately.
11.
Define
minimum down time?
Ø Once the unit is decommited, there is a minimum
time before it can be recommended.
12.
Define
crew constraints?
Ø If a plant consist of two (or) more units, all the
units cannot be turned on at the same time since there are not enough crew
members to attend both units while starting up.
13.
What are
the two approaches to treat a thermal unit to operating temperature?
Ø The first allow the unit boiler to cool down
and then heat backup to operating temperature in time for a scheduled turn on.
Ø The second requires that sufficient energy be
input to the boiler to just maintain operating temperature.
14.
What are
the techniques for the solution of the unit commitment problem?
Ø Priority list method dynamic programming
Lagrange relation
15.
What are
the assumptions made in dynamic programming problem?
Ø A state consists of an array of units with
specified units operating and the rest of the time.
Ø The startup cost of a unit is independent of
the time it has been offline.
Ø There are no costs for shutting down the units.
16.
Define
long range hydro scheduling problem?
Ø The problem involves the long range of water
availability and scheduling of reservoir water releases.
Ø For an interval of time that depends on the
reservoir capacities.
17.
What are
the optimization technique for long range hydro scheduling problem?
Ø Dynamic programming composite hydraulic
simulation methods statistical production cost.
18.
Define
short range hydro scheduling problem?
Ø It involves the hour by hour scheduling of all
generators on a system to achieve minimum production condition for the given
time period.
19.
Define
system blackout problem?
Ø If any event occurs on a system that leaves it
operating with limits violated, the event may be followed by a series of
further actions that switch other equipment out of service.
Ø If the process of cascading failures continues,
the entire system of it may completely collapse.
Ø This is referred as system blackout.
20.
What is
meant by cascading outages?
Ø If one of the remaining lines is now too
heavily loaded, it may open due to relay action, thereby causing even more load
on the remaining lines.
Ø This type of process is often termed as
cascading outage.
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