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Chapter: 11th 12th std standard Textiles And Dress Designing Cloth stitch Higher secondary school College practical steps methods Notes

Functional finishes

Special finishes imparted to fabrics, keeping the functional use of the fabric is known as special or functional finishes.

Fabric Finishes

A newly constructed fabric as it comes from the mill is known as greige goods or gray goods. This does not imply that the fabric is gray in colour; it simply denotes any unfinished fabric. The goods must pass through various finishing processes to make it suitable for its intended end use. Finishes may change the appearance of the fabric, its texture , its serviceability and its durability.



Finishes Are Divided Into Two Types

 

                  Basic finishes

 

                  Functional finishes

 


FUNCTIONAL FINISHES

 

Special finishes imparted to fabrics, keeping the functional use of the fabric is known as special or functional finishes.

 

 Absorbency finish : Although the cellulose fibers like cotton, linen and rayon have good absorbency, sometimes it is desired that they should be more absorbent. Appropriate application of ammonium compounds modifies the cellulose to become more absorbent, providing greater comfort and usefulness for such uses as undergarments and towels.

 

 Wrinkle resistant finish : These finishes are also sometimes referred to as 'crease-resistant' or 'Wash and wear' finishes. DMDHEU namely Dimethyl Dihydroxy Ethylene Urea is used to impart wrinkle resistant finish on the textiles. The purpose of this finish is to prevent deformation of the fabric by undesirable and unintentionally introduced folds and rumples. Some finishes are more wrinkle-resistant than others, but fabrics treated with any of these finishes tend to smooth out when properly hung after wearing.

 

 Flame retardant finish : A wide variety of flame retardant chemical finishes have been developed for application to fibers and fabrics. Carbonate and ammonium salts are used for flame retardant finish.

 

 Antibacterial finish : Chemical antiseptic finishes using Chitosan, impart a self-sterilizing quality to a fabric. The appearance and the feel of the fabric does not change and no chemical odour remains. Dry cleaning does not impair the finish.

 

 Prevention of mildew : Cellulose fibers are particularly susceptible to mildew. Silk and wool are also susceptible, but to a lesser extent. Such untreated fabrics will become stained, malodorous and eventually deteriorated by the fungus if allowed to remain in a moist condition for a period of time.

 

Shower curtains or other fabrics may be mildew proofed at home by soaking the material in soapy water, then, without rinsing, dipping it into a solution of boric acid and carbolic acid, which prevents rapid growth of the mildew fungus. The most effective mildew proofing agent is 0.05 per cent solution of phenyl mercuric acetate in water.

 

Water repellent finish : The fibres in the fabrics become covered with a film of synthetic resin. This repels and delays adsorption and penetration of water through the fabric. This finish allow air to permeate the fabric, and its comfort is largely retained in contrast with the water proof finishes.

 

Most of the original water proof finishes, produced by the application of rubber, waxes and oxidised oils, have been replaced by applying impervious films of polyvinyl chloride - PVC plastic. The low cost of this type of application, associated with the very light weight of the water proof fabric produced, compensates for the lack of comfort in the garment produced.


Waterproof finish : For a fabric to be truly waterproof, it must be completely sealed with a substance that is insoluble in water. Modern waterproofing materials include the vinyl resins, which do not oxidize and crack as readily as rubber.


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11th 12th std standard Textiles And Dress Designing Cloth stitch Higher secondary school College practical steps methods Notes : Functional finishes |


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