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Chapter: Mechanical : Manufacturing Technology : Metal Joining Process

Electron Beam Welding (EBW)

Electron Beam Welding (EBW)
Fusion welding process in which heat for welding is provided by a highly-focused, high-intensity stream of electrons striking work surface.

Electron Beam Welding (EBW)

 

Fusion welding process in which heat for welding is provided by a highly-focused, high-intensity stream of electrons striking work surface

Electron beam gun operates at:

 

High voltage (e.g., 10 to 150 kV typical) to accelerate electrons Beam currents are low (measured in milliamps)

 

Power in EBW not exceptional, but power density is


 

 

Working

 

The Kinetic energy of the electrons is converted into intense heat energy when the electrons are absorbed by the metal piece over a small area of the weld, producing deep penetration weld with a depth/width ratio as high as 15. This results in a narrow, almost parallel weld with very little distortion and a small width of the heat affected zone. There is no possibility of contamination by atmospheric gases because process is carried out in vaccum.

 

Advantages

High-quality welds, deep and narrow profiles

 

Limited heat affected zone, low thermal distortion High welding speeds

 

No flux or shielding gases needed

 

Disadvantages

High equipment cost

 

Precise joint preparation & alignment required Vacuum chamber required

 

Safety concern: EBW generates x-rays

 

Comparison: LBW vs. EBW

 

No vacuum chamber required for LBW No x-rays emitted in LBW

 

Laser beams can be focused and directed by optical lenses and mirrors

 

LBW not capable of the deep welds and high depth-to-width ratios of EBW

Maximum LBW depth = ~ 19 mm (3/4 in), whereas EBW depths = 50 mm (2 in)


 


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