Electron Beam Welding (EBW)
Fusion welding process in which heat for welding is provided by a highly-focused, high-intensity stream of electrons striking work surface
Electron beam gun operates at:
High voltage (e.g., 10 to 150 kV typical) to accelerate electrons Beam currents are low (measured in milliamps)
Power in EBW not exceptional, but power density is
Working
The Kinetic energy of the electrons is converted into intense heat energy when the electrons are absorbed by the metal piece over a small area of the weld, producing deep penetration weld with a depth/width ratio as high as 15. This results in a narrow, almost parallel weld with very little distortion and a small width of the heat affected zone. There is no possibility of contamination by atmospheric gases because process is carried out in vaccum.
Advantages
High-quality welds, deep and narrow profiles
Limited heat affected zone, low thermal distortion High welding speeds
No flux or shielding gases needed
Disadvantages
High equipment cost
Precise joint preparation & alignment required Vacuum chamber required
Safety concern: EBW generates x-rays
Comparison: LBW vs. EBW
No vacuum chamber required for LBW No x-rays emitted in LBW
Laser beams can be focused and directed by optical lenses and mirrors
LBW not capable of the deep welds and high depth-to-width ratios of EBW
Maximum LBW depth = ~ 19 mm (3/4 in), whereas EBW depths = 50 mm (2 in)
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