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Chapter: BIOLOGY (ZOOLOGY) Standard XI first year 11th text book Assignment topics question and answer Explanation Definition

Earthworm - Body wall ,Body Cavity,Locomotion

Earthworm - Body wall ,Body Cavity,Locomotion
Earthworms are nocturnal animals. They lie in the burrows during the day and come out at night for food. Earthworms leave the burrow only during the rainy season when their burrows are flooded with water.

Earthworm

 

Phylum - Annelida

Class - Chaetopoda

Order - Oligochaeta

Type - Lampito mauritii

 

Earthworms are nocturnal animals. They lie in the burrows during the day and come out at night for food. Earthworms leave the burrow only during the rainy season when their burrows are flooded with water.

 

Body wall :

 

The body wall of earthworm is thin soft and moist. It consists of the following layers arranged from outside.

 

Cuticle : It is a thin, transparent, iridescent layer secreted by the underlying epidermis.

 

Epidermis : It is in the form of a single layer of columnar cells. This layer contains gland cells and receptor cells.

 

Dermis : It is a very thin sheet of connective tissue forming a basement for the epithelial cells on the outside and muscles on the inside.

 

Muscles : The muscles are arranged in two layers, namely the outer circular and inner longitudinal.

 

Coelomic epithelium : It is the inner most layer of the body wall forming the lining of the body cavity.

 


Body Cavity :

 

A spacious body cavity called the coelom is seen between the alimen-tary canal and the body wall. It is divided into a series of compartments by the transverse partitions of connective tissue called the septa. The coelom is lined with the coelomic epithelium and filled with coelomic fluid. It is a colourless fluid with amoeboid coelomic corpuscles floating in it. The fluid oozes out through the dorsal pores. It keeps body surface moist as a condition quite


essential for respiration. The coelomic cavity communicates to the exterior through reproductive and excretory apertures. The germ cells are budded off from the wall of this cavity.


Locomotion :

 

Earthworms move about by contraction and expansion of its body wall. When the circular muscles of the body wall contract, the body becomes thin and elongated. This process results in the forward extension of the body. Then it fixes itself firmly to the ground with help of the body setae and mouth. Subsequently when the longitudinal muscles contract, the body becomes thick and shortened. As a result, the body is drawn forward towards the anterior end which is already fixed to the ground. Thus by a repeated process of alter-nate contraction and expansion of muscular body wall locomotion is effected.


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BIOLOGY (ZOOLOGY) Standard XI first year 11th text book Assignment topics question and answer Explanation Definition : Earthworm - Body wall ,Body Cavity,Locomotion |


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