DISEASES TRANSMITTED THROUGH AIR
Air borne disease are
spread, when droplets of pathogens are expelled into the air, while coughing ,
sneezing or talking. The pathogen can remain in air for several hours.
Is an seasonal disease,
caused by an virus which leads to respiratory illness flu is highly Contagious
and is normally spread by the coughs and sneezes of an Infected person.
1 to 4 days
Flu and cold symptoms
may looks same with runny and blocked nose , sore throat and cough but some
symptoms of flu are different from a heavy cold
·
Cough
·
High Temperature
·
Sore throat
·
Head ache
·
Cold sweats and shivers
·
Body aches
·
Fatigue, Feeling exhausted
·
In some cases nausea, vomiting & diarrhea also common
·
Antibiotics
·
Antivirals
·
Painkillers
·
Avoid crowded place
·
Stay at home
·
Consume plenty of liquids
The risk and
complications are higher in certain people
·
Pregnant women
·
Babies and young children
·
The individuals with cardiovascular disease
·
The people with asthma or bronchitis
·
The low immune system function
Nasal – spray flu
vaccine
One B virus – The
protection begins about 2 weeks after receiving the vaccination.
Chicken pox is also
known as varicella is a highly contagious infection caused by varicella zoster
virus, The blister like rash appears.
·
Varicella zoster
·
Incubation period: 10–21 days
Before the appearance of
rash, the fever will be the sign
·
Aching muscles
·
Loss of Appetite
·
Rash – covers whole body
·
Blisters – on the top of
the spots Mouth soreness
·
Chicken pox – develop
pneumonia
·
Encephalitis –
Inflammation of the brain Rey’s syndrome – liver
and brain swelling
·
Pain or fever –
[Acetaminophen] Itching – Calamine
lotion
·
Dehydration – Sugar –
Freepopsicles
·
Antiviral
·
Acyclovir
·
Two doses of varicella vaccine
·
At 12 to 15 months
·
At 4 to 6 years
Pneumonia is swelling
[inflammation] of the lung tissue, caused by a bacterial infection.
·
Streptococcus pneumoniae
·
Hemophilus influenzae
·
Staphylococcus aureus
·
1day to 1 week
Derived by cause,
location, Acquired.
·
Chest pain while breathe
or cough
·
Shortness of breathe
·
Fatigue
·
Confusion
·
Fever
·
Sweating and shivering
chills
·
Nausea, vomiting or
diarrhea
·
Coughing up blood
(Haemoptysis)
·
Wheezing
·
Rapid heart beat
·
Loss of Appetite
·
Bacteremia – The
infection spread to the blood stream which leads the septic shock and low blood pressure.
·
Lung Abscesses
·
Impaired breathing
·
Acute respiratory
distress syndrome Pleural effusion and
death
·
Blood test
·
Sputum test
·
Urine test
·
CT scan
·
Fluid sample [ pleural
fluid]
·
Bronchoscopy
·
Chest x- ray
·
Being hospitalized
·
Chronic disease
·
Smoking
·
Weakened or suppressed
immune system
·
Intravenous Antibiotics
(Tetracycline, Levofloxacin)
·
Respiratory Therapy
(Spirometry, Breathing exercise)
·
Fatal Oxygen
·
Prevnar 13
·
Prevnar 23
·
Cigarette smoking to be
quit
·
Cover while cough and sneezes
·
Dispose of used tissues promptly
·
Practice good hygiene
Tuberculosis (TB) is a
potentially fatal contagious disease. That can affect almost any part of the
body. It’s mainly an infection of lung.
1.
Mycobacterium tuberculi
2 to 12 weeks
·
Cough droplet
·
Crowded places with poor ventilation
·
Splitting of saliva
·
Chest pain
·
Coughing with bloody sputum
·
Shortness of breath
·
Cloudy and Reddish urine
·
Evening raise in temperature
·
Fatigue
·
Bacteriological Test (Zeihl – Neelsen stain)
·
Sputum culture test
·
Chest x-ray
·
Nucleic acid amplification
·
Mantoux test (PPD)
·
First line drugs: Eg: Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutal
·
Second line drugs: Eg: Cycloserine, Ethionamide, Levofloxacin
·
Intensive phase +
Continuation phase
·
HREZ (2months) + HRE
(4months)
·
Mask
·
BCG Vaccine
·
Regular medical follow up
·
Isolation of patient
·
Ventilation
·
Natural sunlight
·
UV germicidal radiation
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