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Chapter: Obstetrics and Gynecology: The Obstetrician-Gynecologist’s Role in Screening and Preventive Care

Cervical Cancer

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is the precur-sor lesion to cervical cancer.

CERVICAL CANCER

 

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is the precur-sor lesion to cervical cancer. CIN may regress sponta-neously, but, in some cases, CIN 2 and CIN 3 progresses to cancer over time. Exfoliative cytology,specifically thePap test (either slide or liquid-based) with or without type-specific HPV identification, allow early diagnosis in most cases. The reduction in mortality from cervical cancer since the Pap test was introduced in the 1940s is testimony to the success of this screening program.

The following are recommendations for cervical can-cer screening for women:

 

·      Annual cervical cytology screening should begin ap-proximately 3 years after initiation of sexual inter-course, but no later than age 21 years. Women younger than 30 years should undergo annual cervical cytology screening.

 

·      Women who have had 3 consecutive negative annual Pap test results may be screened every 2 to 3 years if they are age 30 or older with no history of CIN 2 or 3, immunosuppression, HIV infection, or diethylstilbes-trol (DES) exposure in utero. Annual cervical cytology is another option for women 30 years and older. The use of combination cervical cytology and human papil-lomavirus (HPV) DNA screening is appropriate for women 30 years and older. Women who receive nega-tive results on both tests should be rescreened no more frequently than every 3 years.

 

·      Women who have had a total hysterectomy (removal of the uterus and cervix) for reasons other than cervical cancer no longer need to be screened for cervical cancer. Women who have had a supracervical hysterectomy should continue to be screened. Women who have undergone hysterectomy with removal of the cervix and have a history of CIN 2 or CIN 3 should continue to be screened annually until three consecutive negative vagi-nal cytology test results are achieved.

 

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Obstetrics and Gynecology: The Obstetrician-Gynecologist’s Role in Screening and Preventive Care : Cervical Cancer |

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