Biosphere

BIOSPHERE

This unit deals with the meaning of ecosystems and its components. The energy flow among the biotic and abiotic environment is discussed. It also explains the significance of biodiversity and its loss. Both terrestrial and aquatic biomes are dealt in detail. 

Biosphere, the fourth sphere of the Earth, is a life supporting layer that exists on the earth’s surface. This layer on earth encompasses the Lithosphere, Hydrosphere and Atmosphere. It includes flora and fauna that thrive on or near the earth’s surface. The vertical range of the biosphere is approximately 20 km, which is measured from the ocean floor to the troposphere. However, most plants and animals live in a very narrow section for about 1 km above and below the Mean Sea Level (MSL). Biosphere is made up of different  ecosystems and biomes. All living things, large or small, are grouped into species. The area in which an animal, plant or micro organism lives is called its habitat. A wide variety of plants and animals live in a particular habitat known as biodiversity.