Allergic Disorders
There
are two types of IgE-mediated allergic reactions: atopic and nonatopic
disorders. While the underlying immunologic re-actions of the two types of
disorders are the same, predisposing factors and manifestations are different.
The atopic disorders are characterized by a hereditary predisposition and
production of a local reaction to IgE antibodies produced in response to
com-mon environmental allergens (Kay, 2001a). The nonatopic dis-orders lack the
genetic component and organ specificity of the atopic disorders (Porth, 2002).
Examples of atopic disorders are allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, and atopic
dermatitis (Kay, 2001a).
A type I hypersensitivity response results in
atopic (allergic) dis-eases, which affect 10% to 20% of the U.S. population.
Genetic factors play a role in susceptibility to these diseases. Disorders
char-acterized as atopic include anaphylaxis, allergic rhinoconjunctivi-tis,
atopic dermatitis, urticaria and angioedema, gastrointestinal allergy, and
asthma. Latex allergy may be a type I or type IV hyper-sensitivity reaction,
although true latex allergy is considered to be a type I hypersensitivity
reaction (Brehler & Kütting, 2001). Contact dermatitis is con-sidered a
type IV hypersensitivity reaction.
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